úr

From Old Norse úr (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).

úr (+ dative)

1. out of

   fara úr klæðunum ― to undress

   draga bát úr neysti ― to pull a boat out of the boathouse

   úr jarni, viði, gulli ― (made) of iron, wood, wool

2. from

   drekka úr fløsku ― to drink from the bottle

   fara úr einum felag ― to resign from a club

   hann slapp úr oynni ― he left the island

   stað úr stað ― from place to place

   úr øllum ættum ― from everywhere

   hann kemur úr Onglandi ― he comes from England

   umseta úr enskum ― translate from English

3. off

   í ein útnyrðing úr Føroyum ― in the northwest off the Faroes

• í (“in”)

úr

1. in expressions

   hava úr at gera ― to have much to do

   verða úr ― to happen

• (much): nógv
• (to happen): henda

Of debated origin:^[1]

1. From Proto-Finno-Ugric *urɜ (“man, male”).^[2]
2. Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *ūŕ (“master, craftsman”). Compare Karakhanid اُوزْ (ūz, “skillful”) and Mongolian ур (ur, “handicraft, skill, craft”) which was probably also borrowed from Turkic.^[3]

• IPA^(key): [ˈuːr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːr

úr (plural urak)

1. master (someone who has control over something or someone)

   Synonym: (owner of a dog) gazda

   Antonym: szolga (“slave”)

2. (Judaism, Christianity, capitalized) Lord
   • 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:

     Így szól az Úr, Megváltód, Izráelnek Szentje: Én vagyok az Úr, Istened, ki tanítlak hasznosra, és vezetlek oly úton, a melyen járnod kell.

     Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: I am the Lord your God, who teaches you for your own good, who leads you in the way you should go.

   Synonym: Isten

3. gentleman

   Synonym: úriember

   Coordinate term: hölgy

   Kint áll egy úr, és azt kérdezi, bejöhet-e. ― There is a gentleman standing outside, asking if he may come in.

4. (on its own, with a first-person possessive suffix) sir, gentleman (term of address)

   Coordinate terms: asszonyom, hölgyem (also with a possessive suffix), kisasszony, fiatalember

   Uram! ― Sir!

   Hölgyeim és uraim! ― Ladies and gentlemen!

5. (after surnames and certain occupational titles) Mr, Mr. (or omitted in English)

   Kovács úr ― Mr. Kovács (literally, “Mr. Smith”)

   doktor úr, mérnök úr, tanár/professzor úr, igazgató úr, bíró úr, often also nyomozó úr, író úr ― Doctor, Engineer, Professor, Manager, Judge; Inspector, Writer (especially as terms of address, cf. Your Honour)

   Coordinate terms: asszony, -nő

6. (with a possessive suffix, dated, folksy) husband

   Az urammal egy vonatúton ismerkedtünk meg. ― My husband and I met each other on a train ride.

   Synonyms: férj, férjeura

• úr in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

• IPA^(key): /uːr/
• Rhymes: -uːr

From Old Norse ór (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”). More at Old English or-.

úr

1. out of
2. from

   Hver stal kökunni úr krúsinni í gær?

   Who stole the cookie from the jar (cookie jar) last night?

Borrowed from Middle Low German ur(e), from Old French ore (“time”).

úr n (genitive singular úrs, nominative plural úr)

1. clock
2. watch

• armbandsúr

• IPA^(key): /uːɾˠ/^[1][2]

From Middle Irish úr (“fresh”),^[3] from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros, from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, which derives from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”); see also Latin pūrus.^[4]

úr (genitive singular masculine úir, genitive singular feminine úire, plural úra, comparative úire)

1. fresh; new
2. free, liberal
3. moist
4. (nominalized) anything fresh or new

• Oileán Úr
• úraigh
• úrscéal

Derived from Etymology 1 ("fresh") with a change of declension.

úr m (genitive singular úra) (literary)

1. letter U in Ogham alphabet: ᚒ

úr m (genitive singular úir, nominative plural úir)

1. alternative form of iúr (“yew”)

úr

1. alternative form of bhur (“your pl”)

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “úr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “úr”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “úr”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Inherited from Old Nubian ⲟⲩⲣ (our), from Proto-Nubian [Term?].

úr

1. you (second person plural pronoun)

From Proto-Germanic *ūrą (“water, rain; wetness”), from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade form of *weh₁r- (“water”).

The many descendants show a clear connection with precipitation, often coupled with wind, but varies greatly in terms of what precipitation is specified, from snow, to rain, to drizzle etc, as well as the strength of wind, from light wind, to storm. Compare dialectal Danish ur (“haze”), Old Icelandic úr (“drizzle, spray”), Norwegian ur (“rainy weather in the mountains”), yr (“drizzle; dew; snowfall”), yra (“to drizzle”), Swedish ur (“windy precipitation; blustery and profuse snowfall”), i ur och skur (“through stormy snow and rain”, literally “in ur and shower”), yr (“windy precipitation; blustery and profuse snowfall; swirling, bluster; drizzle, spray”), yra (“snowstorm”), dialectal Swedish ura (“to drizzle”), Gutnish starur (“springtime snowy or rainy weather”, literally “starling-ur”).

The common wind-component might be a later introduction; compare the compunds of Norwegian yrvær (“blowing snow, snowstorm”), Swedish urväder (“bad weather involving ur”), yrväder (“blustery weather; blowing snow, snowstorm”), recorded from ca. 1430, compounding ur/yr, with weather, which initially meant “air in motion, blowing”.

úr n

1. based on descendants and recorded use: precipitation, raining
   2. (dialectal) drizzle; dag (misty shower) (compare related Scots ourie, “rainy, hazy, rainbowy”)

      Synonyms: dagg, dǫgg, dugg

      1. splash (for example, from a wave)
      2. dew, condensation
      3. mist, haze, fog
   4. (dialectal) (windy) rain
      1. chilly precipitation (compare related Scots ourie and Swedish urrigt, “chill; having the sensation of cold; shivering”)
      2. bad weather (annoying rainy weather)
      3. bad weather (heavy rain with strong winds); storm
   6. (dialectal) (blustery) snowfall, snow shower

      Synonyms: ýr, ýra, ýrveðr

      1. slush, sleet (precipitation with large snowflakes that quickly melt)
      2. snowstorm
      3. blowing snow
   7. (figurative, Norway) based on the Norwegian rune poem: sparks? (compare Old Norse ýra “to glitter, like drops of dew; of the glittering particles in iron or other ore”)
      • c. 13th c., “Norwegian rune poem”, in an unknown manuscript:

        ᚢ (úr) er af illu jarne; opt løypr ræinn á hjarne.

        ᚢ (sparks) is of ill iron; often leap the raindeer over the frozen snowcover.

      • 1651, Ole Worm, “Norwegian rune poem”, in Runir, seu, Danica literatura antiqvissima:

        ᚢ (úr) er af eldu járne; opt løypr ræinn á hjarne.

        ᚢ (sparks) is of fired iron; often leap the raindeer over the frozen snowcover.

2. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚢ (u)
   • c. 1200, [kuþrun = Guðrun] inscription from the old church in Bø, Telemark:

     Svæfn bannar mér,
     sótt er barna,
     fjón svinkanda,
     fjalls íbúi,
     hests ærfaði,
     auk heys víti,
     þræls vansæla,
     þat skulu ráða.

     [It's/She's] sleep preventing me;
     k – ‘[it's/she's] sickness of children (= kaun)
     u – hate of workers (= úr)
     þ – mountain's inhabitant (= þurs)
     r – horse's work (= reið)
     u – and hay's destruction (= úr)
     n – thrall's unhappiness (= nauð)
     that shall prevail.

   • c. 1500, “Icelandic rune poem of ᚢ”, in AM 687 d 4°:

     ᚢ (úr) er skýgia grátur ok skæra þverrir ok hirðis hatur.

     ᚢ (precipitation) is clouds' tears and 'mown hay'-destroyer and shepherd's hatred.

   • 1599, Johannes Bureus, “Swedish rune poem of ᚢ”, in Runakenslanes läraspån:

     ᚢᛦ ᛁ Vᛅᛋᛏᛆᚿ Vᛅᚧᚱ

     Ur i vaͤstan vaͤdher

     Precipitation in western weather

   • 1600, Nicolaus Granius, “Swedish rune poem of ᚢ”, in Granius Vulcanius:

     ŭrvaͤder vaͤrʃt

     urväder värst

     Windy precipitation worst

   • 1685, Georg Stiernhielm, “Swedish rune poem of ᚢ”, in Anticluverius, page 156:

     𝔙𝔲𝔯 𝔦 𝔚𝔞ͤʃ𝔱𝔞𝔫𝔴𝔞ͤ𝔡𝔢𝔯 𝔦.𝔢. 𝔘𝔯𝔴𝔞ͤ𝔡𝔢𝔯/𝔬𝔯𝔴𝔦𝔫𝔱𝔢𝔯

     Vur i Waͤstanvaͤder, i.e. Urvaͤder/orwinter

     Precipitation in Weastern weather, i.e. windy rain/blustery winter

   • 1732, “Icelandic rune poem of ᚢ”, in Runologia:

     Úr er skýja grátr. Skaði þerris og hirðis hatr ... hláka hríð. Himinn-svite ... undir-rót svella.

     Úr is clouds' tears. Damage to dryness and shepherd’s hate ... thaw's storm. Heaven's sweat ... cause of swells (waves).

   • 1776, Sven Digelius, “Swedish rune poem of ᚢ”, in Runkalender i nya stilen:

     ᚢᚱ ᛁ ᚢᛆᛋᛏᛆᚿ ᚢᛁᚱᛋᛏ

     Ur i västan verst

     Precipitation in western worst

• Faroese: úr n
• Icelandic: úr n
• ⇒ Icelandic: ýra f
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: ur m
  • ⇒ Norwegian Bokmål: yr m, yra f
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ur m
  • ⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: yr m, yra f
• Old Danish: ur
  • Danish: ur
• Gutnish: starur, äur
  • → Swedish: ur, äur (dialectal, Southern Gotland)
• Old Swedish: ūr n
  • Swedish: ur n
  • Swedish: urr (“the feeling of shivering”) (partially onomatopoetic, akin to “brr”)
    • ⇒ Swedish: urrigt (“chill; having the sensation of cold; shivering”)
  • ⇒ Swedish: yr n, yra f
• → Early Scots: *ur
  • Scots: ure, ur, oor (“drizzle”)
    • ⇒ Scots: urey, oorie, ourie (“rainy, hazy, rainbowy; alt. chill; having the sensation of cold; shivering”)

úr

1. accusative singular of úrr
2. dative singular of úrr