The federal electoral districts (Spanish: distritos electorales federales) of Mexico are the 300 constituencies or electoral districts into which the country is divided for the purpose of federal elections. Each district returns one federal deputy (diputado or diputada), who sits in the Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados), the lower house of Congress. An additional 200 deputies are elected by proportional representation from five electoral regions.
Electoral districts are identified by number and by federal entity (state or the capital). The number of electoral districts was set at 300 in 1979, when the number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies was increased from 196. The demarcation of the districts depends on the results of the previous census, and adjustments to the 1979 districts were made in 1996, 2005, 2017 and 2022.
Irrespective of population, no state may be represented by fewer than two electoral districts. This is the case with Baja California Sur (population: 798,447), Campeche (population: 928,363) and Colima (population: 731,391), which, as a result, return more senators than deputies to Congress. The states with the most electoral districts are the state of Mexico (population: 17.1 million), with 40, and Veracruz (population: 8.1 million), with 19. Mexico City, with a population of 9.2 million, has 22.
On 12 December 2022, the National Electoral Institute (INE) established the districts to be used in the 2024 and 2030 general elections, and the 2027 mid-term election, in accordance with the following criteria:[1]
- Each district to belong to only one federal entity.
- Balanced distribution of population between districts.
- Presence of Indigenous and Afrodescendent inhabitants (districts with 40% or more of those populations are styled "indigenous districts" and receive special prerogatives).[a]
- Geographical continuity.
- Travel times.
The new districting scheme was published in the Official Journal on 20 February 2023.[2]
Distribution of electoral districts
This map indicates the districts in each federal entity for elections between 2024 and 2030.[3]
Evolution of electoral district numbers
|
1974 |
1978 |
1996 |
2005 |
2017 |
2023
|
| Aguascalientes
|
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3
|
| Baja California
|
3 |
6 |
6 |
8 |
8 |
9
|
| Baja California Sur
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2
|
| Campeche
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2
|
| Chiapas
|
6 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13
|
| Chihuahua
|
6 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9
|
| Coahuila
|
4 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
8
|
| Colima
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2
|
| Durango
|
4 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4
|
| Guanajuato
|
9 |
13 |
15 |
14 |
15 |
15
|
| Guerrero
|
6 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
8
|
| Hidalgo
|
5 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7
|
| Jalisco
|
13 |
20 |
19 |
19 |
20 |
20
|
| Mexico City (Federal District)
|
27 |
40 |
30 |
27 |
24 |
22
|
| State of Mexico
|
15 |
34 |
36 |
40 |
41 |
40
|
| Michoacán
|
9 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
11
|
| Morelos
|
2 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5
|
| Nayarit
|
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3
|
| Nuevo León
|
7 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
14
|
| Oaxaca
|
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
10
|
| Puebla
|
10 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
15 |
16
|
| Querétaro
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
6
|
| Quintana Roo
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
4
|
| San Luis Potosí
|
5 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7
|
| Sinaloa
|
5 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
7
|
| Sonora
|
4 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7
|
| Tabasco
|
3 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6
|
| Tamaulipas
|
6 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
8
|
| Tlaxcala
|
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3
|
| Veracruz
|
15 |
23 |
23 |
21 |
20 |
19
|
| Yucatán
|
3 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
6
|
| Zacatecas
|
4 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4
|
| Chamber of Deputies
|
196 |
300
|
| Sources: [1][4][5][6]
|
Electoral districts by state
Aguascalientes
Baja California
Baja California Sur
Campeche
Chiapas
Chihuahua
Coahuila
Colima
Durango
Guanajuato
Guerrero
Hidalgo
Jalisco
Mexico City
State of Mexico
Michoacán
Morelos
Nayarit
Nuevo León
Oaxaca
Puebla
Querétaro
Quintana Roo
San Luis Potosí
Sinaloa
Sonora
Tabasco
Tamaulipas
Tlaxcala
Veracruz
Yucatán
Zacatecas
See also
Notes
- ^ The 2022 districting process identified 44 such districts, up from 28 in 2007.[1]
References