12th federal electoral district of Guanajuato

Guanajuato's 12th
Electoral district of the
Chamber of Deputies of Mexico
  12th district since 2023
Incumbent
MemberMagdalena Rosales Cruz
Party▌Morena
Congress66th (2024–2027)
District
StateGuanajuato
Head townCelaya
Coordinates20°31′N 100°49′W / 20.517°N 100.817°W / 20.517; -100.817
CoversMunicipality of Celaya (part)
PR regionSecond
Precincts216
Population432,575 (2020 Census)

The 12th federal electoral district of Guanajuato (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 12 de Guanajuato) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 15 such districts in the state of Guanajuato.[1]

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.[2][3]

Suspended in 1930,[a] Guanajuato's 12th was re-established as part of the 1977 political reforms. The restored district returned its first deputy in the 1979 mid-term election.[7]

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is María Magdalena Rosales Cruz of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).[8][9]

District territory

Under the 2023 districting plan adopted by the National Electoral Institute (INE), which is to be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 federal elections,[10] Guanajuato's 12th district covers 216 electoral precincts (secciones electorales) in the municipality of Celaya.[11][b]

The head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and tallied, is the city of Celaya. The district reported a population of 432,575 in the 2020 Census.[1]

Previous districting schemes

Evolution of electoral district numbers
1974 1978 1996 2005 2017 2023
Guanajuato 9 13 15 14 15 15
Chamber of Deputies 196 300
Sources: [1][12][7][13]

2017–2022

Between 2017 and 2022, the 12th district had the same configuration as in the 2023 plan.[14][13]

2005–2017

Under the 2005 plan, Guanajuato had only 14 districts. This district's head town was at Celaya and it covered 188 precincts in the north and south-east of the municipality.[15][16][c]

1996–2005

In the 1996 scheme, under which Guanajuato was assigned 15 seats, the district had its head town at Celaya and it comprised the whole of the municipality.[17][16]

1978–1996

The districting scheme in force from 1978 to 1996 was the result of the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under that plan, Guanajuato's seat allocation rose from 9 to 13.[12] The new 12th district covered five municipalities in the south of the state:[18]

Deputies returned to Congress

National parties
Current
PAN
PRI
PT
PVEM
MC
Morena
Defunct or local only
PLM
PNR
PRM
PNM
PP
PPS
PARM
PFCRN
Convergencia
PANAL
PSD
PES
PES
PRD
Guanajuato's 12th district
Election Deputy Party Term Legislature
1916 Alfredo Robles Domínguez[19]
Francisco Díaz Barriga[20] 		1916–1917 Constituent Congress
of Querétaro
...
The 12th district was suspended between 1930 and 1979
1979 Raúl Moreno Mújica[21] 1979–1982 51st Congress
1982 Sergio Lara Espinoza[22] 1982–1985 52nd Congress
1985 Mario Murillo Morales[23] 1985–1988 53rd Congress
1988 Jorge García Henaine[24] 1988–1991 54th Congress
1991 José Guadalupe Enríquez Magaña[25] 1991–1994 55th Congress
1994 Lorenzo Chávez Zavala[26] 1994–1997 56th Congress
1997 José de Jesús Torres León[27] 1997–2000 57th Congress
2000 Javier Bernardo Usabiaga Arroyo[28][d]
José Rivera Carranza[29] 		2000–2003 58th Congress
2003 Elizabeth Oswelia Yáñez Robles[30] 2003–2006 59th Congress
2006 Rubí Laura López Silva[31] 2006–2009 60th Congress
2009 Martín Rico Jiménez[32] 2009–2012 61st Congress
2012 Felipe Arturo Camarena García[33] 2012–2015 62nd Congress
2015 Adriana Elizarraraz Sandoval[34] 2015–2018 63rd Congress
2018[35] Sarai Núñez Cerón[36] 2018–2021 64th Congress
2021[37] Sarai Núñez Cerón[38] 2021–2024 65th Congress
2024[8] María Magdalena Rosales Cruz[9] 2024–2027 66th Congress

Presidential elections

Guanajuato's 12th district
Election District won by Party or coalition %
2018[39] Ricardo Anaya Cortés
Por México al Frente 		37.8823
2024[40] Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo
Sigamos Haciendo Historia 		48.8831

Notes

  1. ^ An amendment to Article 52 of the Constitution in 1928 changed the original provision of "one deputy per 60,000 inhabitants" to "one deputy per 100,000";[4][5] as a result, the size of the Chamber of Deputies fell from 281 in the 1928 election to 171 in 1934.[6]
  2. ^ The remainder of Celaya – 32 precincts – is assigned to the 2nd district.
  3. ^ In 2005–2017, the 13th district covered the remainder of Celaya.
  4. ^ Usabiaga Arroyo resigned his seat on 28 November 2000 to take office as the federal secretary of agriculture. He was replaced for the remainder of his term by his alternate, Rivera Carranza.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Memoria de la Distritación Nacional 2021–2023" (PDF). INE. p. 224. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  2. ^ "How Mexico Elects Its Leaders – The Rules". Mexico Solidarity Project. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  3. ^ "Circunscripciones" (PDF). Ayuda 2021. INE. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  4. ^ "Diario Oficial de la Federación, 20 de agosto de 1928" (PDF). Diario Oficial de la Federación. 20 August 1928. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  5. ^ "Artículo 52, reformas" (PDF). Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  6. ^ Godoy, Luis. "Reelección en la Cámara de Diputados, 1917–1934" (PDF). Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  7. ^ a b Baños Martínez, Marco Antonio; Palacios Mora, Celia (2014). "Evolución territorial de los distritos electorales federales uninominales, 1977–2010" [Territorial evolution of the federal uninominal electoral districts, 1977–2010]. Investigaciones Geográficas (84). Mexico City: Instituto de Geografía, UNAM: 92. doi:10.14350/rig.34063. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  8. ^ a b "Diputaciones: Guanajuato. Distrito 12. Celaya". Cómputos Distritales 2024. INE. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  9. ^ a b "Perfil: Dip. María Magdalena Rosales Cruz, LXVI Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  10. ^ De la Rosa, Yared (20 February 2023). "Nueva distritación electoral le quita diputados a la CDMX y le agrega a Nuevo León". Forbes México. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  11. ^ "Acuerdo del Consejo General del Instituto Nacional Electoral por el que se aprueba el proyecto de la demarcación territorial de los trescientos distritos electorales federales uninominales". Diario Oficial de la Federación. 20 February 2023. p. 434. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  12. ^ a b González Casanova, Pablo (1993). Las Elecciones en México: evolución y perspectivas (3 ed.). Siglo XXI. p. 219. ISBN 9789682313219. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  13. ^ a b "Acuerdo del Consejo General del Instituto Nacional Electoral por el que se aprueba la demarcación territorial de los 300 distritos electorales federales uninominales" (PDF). Repositorio Documental. INE. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  14. ^ "Descriptivo de la distritación federal: Guanajuato, marzo de 2017" (PDF). INE. March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  15. ^ "Acuerdo del Consejo General del Instituto Federal Electoral por el que se establece la demarcación territorial de los trescientos distritos electorales federales uninominales". Diario Oficial de la Federación. 2 March 2005. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  16. ^ a b "Condensado estatal de Guanajuato 1996–2005" (PDF). IFE. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2025. The link contains maps of the 2005 and 1996 schemes.
  17. ^ "Acuerdo del Consejo General del Instituto Federal Electoral por el que se establece la demarcación territorial de los trescientos distritos electorales federales uninominales". Diario Oficial de la Federacion. 12 August 1996. p. 89. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  18. ^ "División del territorio de la República en 300 distritos electorales uninominales para elecciones federales: Guanajuato". Diario Oficial de la Federación. 29 May 1978. p. 24. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  19. ^ "Lista de diputados al Congreso Constituyente 1916–1917" (PDF). Constitución de 1917. Secretaría de Cultura. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  20. ^ "Francisco Díaz Barriga". Constitución de 1917. Secretaría de Cultura. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  21. ^ "Legislatura 51" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual. Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  22. ^ "Legislatura 52" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual. Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  23. ^ "Legislatura 53" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual. Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  24. ^ "Legislatura 54" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual. Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  25. ^ "Legislatura 55" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual. Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  26. ^ "Legislatura 56" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual. Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  27. ^ "Legislatura 57" (PDF). Biblioteca Virtual. Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  28. ^ "Perfil: Dip. Javier Bernardo Usabiaga Arroyo, LVIII Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  29. ^ "Perfil: Dip. José Rivera Carranza, LVIII Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  30. ^ "Perfil: Dip. Elizabeth Oswelia Yáñez Robles, LIX Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  31. ^ "Perfil: Dip. Rubí Laura López Silva, LX Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  32. ^ "Perfil: Dip. Martín Rico Jiménez, LXI Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  33. ^ "Perfil: Dip. Felipe Arturo Camarena García, LXII Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  34. ^ "Perfil: Dip. Adriana Elizarraraz Sandoval, LXIII Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  35. ^ "Diputaciones: Guanajuato. Distrito 12. Celaya". Cómputos Distritales 2018. INE. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  36. ^ "Perfil: Dip. Sarai Núñez Cerón, LXIV Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  37. ^ "Diputaciones: Guanajuato. Distrito 12. Celaya". Cómputos Distritales 2021. INE. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  38. ^ "Perfil: Dip. Sarai Núñez Cerón, LXV Legislatura". Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL). SEGOB. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  39. ^ "Presidencia: Guanajuato. Distrito 12. Celaya". Cómputos Distritales 2018. INE. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  40. ^ "Presidencia: Guanajuato. Distrito 12. Celaya". Cómputos Distritales 2024. INE. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
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