yi-

From yi (“inside”).

• IPA^(key): /ji/

yi-

1. inside, into

• Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 475

yi-

1. Class 8 noun prefix

• R.C.Wynne (1980), English-Mbukushu Dictionary‎^[1], Avebury Publishing Company Limited, page xviii

• IPA^(key): /jɪ̀-/

yi-

1. his, her, its, their

   ‎amá (“one's mother”) + ‎yi- → ‎yimá (“his/her/its/their mother”)

yi-

2. A peg element added to 1st person singular and third person ∅-imperfective verbs to fit syllable shape restraints

   ‎yi- + ‎sh- + -cha → ‎yishcha (“I'm crying”)

This prefix carries no meaning on its own, and is elided whenever a legal Navajo syllable can be constructed without it.

• Navajo terms prefixed with yi- (peg element)

  yibááh

  yibąąs

  yíbąąs

  yibal

  yibéézh

  yicha

  yíchííł

  yíchʼííh

  yidąąh

  yideeł

  yidǫʼ

  yidleeʼ

  yidlóóh

  yidziih

  yigan

  yigeeh

  yígeeh

  yighááh

  yíghááh

  yighaał

  yihę́ę́s

  yíjeeh

  yikááh

  yíkááh

  yikad

  yikah

  yikęęs

  yíkęęs

  yilchʼąął

  yildin

  yildlóósh

  yíldlóósh

  yileeh

  yílgééd

  yílį́

  yílkʼid

  yilnood

  yiltłʼééh

  yíltłʼééh

  yiltsą́

  yilyeed

  yílyeed

  yilzhood

  yilʼá

  yíłnííh

  yimáás

  yímáás

  yinééh

  yínééh

  yiskʼid

  yistil

  yistłʼin

  yishį́į́h

  yishjash

  yishtłizh

  yitaał

  yitiih

  yítįįh

  yitin

  yítʼááh

  yitʼééh

  yítʼééh

  yitʼį́

  yitłíísh

  yítłizh

  yitsʼííd

  yiwod

  yiwozh

  yiyéés

  yíyéés

  yiyį́į́h

  yiził

  yiʼaash

  yiʼeeł

  yíʼeeł

  yiʼéés

  yiʼnééh

  yíʼnééh

  yótaał
• y-
• w-

Compare Ahtna gh- and Wailaki ɣi-.

yi-

2. Marks the progressive mode

   ‎-DLOʼ (“to laugh”) + ‎yi- → ‎yidloh (“he/she/it is smiling”)

3. With di-, marks the future mode

The future tense prefixes are formed by combining di- and yi-:

yi-

2. Marks the transitional aspect

• Navajo terms prefixed with yi- (transitional)

  ádiilbááh

  ádiilzhį́į́h

  bééhoozįįh

  bikʼidiilkǫǫh

  bílátaʼiigááh

  dii-

  diibááh

  diichʼééh

  diidzééh

  diigis

  diighááh

  diilkǫǫh

  diiltłʼééh

  diiłheeł

  diimáás

  diinééh

  diitííh

  diitłʼíísh

  hiłiijį́į́h

  hodiiyeeł

  honiikʼáás

  honiizííł

  hoogááh

  hoojį́į́h

  hoolʼįįh

  hoołchʼííh

  hoołʼaah

  hooʼaah

  hwiiniidzįįh

  íhoołʼaah

  iiłháásh

  yiłdził

  niidóóh

  niikʼáás

  yadidiilnííh

  yayiizííd

  yidiidzį́į́s

  yidiilkaal

  yidiilóós

  yidiiłbąąs

  yidiiłkǫǫh

  yidiiłmáás

  yidiiłtłʼíísh

  yidiitsʼį́į́h

  yíhoołʼaah

  yiibááh

  yiibééh

  yiichííh

  yiigááh

  yiijį́į́h

  yiilchʼííł

  yiiltééh

  yiiłtsʼįįł

  yiitáás

  yiitįįh

  yiitsóóh

  yiizįįh

  yiiʼaah

  yiniisííł

  yiską́

  yiyiiłbááh

  yiyiiłchííh

  yiyiiłgááh

  yiyiiłjį́į́h

  yiyiiłtáás

  yiyiiłtsóóh

  yiyiiłʼaah

  yiyiinih

  yiyiishį́į́h

yi-

2. Marks the yi-perfective paradigm, which expresses pure completion of a verbal action

• Navajo terms prefixed with yi- (modal)

  adiigááh

  adiiłgááh

  ahoolʼá

  ahóóyóí

  ałnánoodǫ́ǫ́z

  ayídzígeeh

  bidééłnií

  bihodééłnií

  bikʼihoozííd

  bizáhóóchįįd

  chʼéélį́

  dékaad

  dinooltłʼizh

  doolghas

  doolkʼool

  dootłʼizh

  eelʼá

  haabá

  háábąs

  haachiiʼ

  haagai

  haajin

  háálį́

  haatso

  hááʼá

  hadzííʼá

  hahíítą́

  hahoodzo

  hashoogizh

  hidéłtsooz

  hííłtsooz

  hodootłʼizh

  hoodzą́

  hoolzhólí

  hoolʼá

  hoołgááh

  hóółtseii

  hóóyééʼ

  íílį́

  ííʼá

  naabá

  naachiiʼ

  naagai

  naajin

  náálį́

  naatso

  nááʼá

  nahííkaad

  nahííłtsooz

  nahíítą́

  nanoolkáál

  ndootsʼos

  noodǫ́ǫ́z

  ootsą́

  taahóóteel

  tídááchįįd

  wóʼą́ą́lį́

  yihááh

  yikʼą́

  yílį́

  yilzhólí

  yináhoosił

  yitʼááh

  yítʼiʼ

  yítłizh

yi-

2. alternative form of hi-, used after dzi-, position IV prefixes, and V prefixes

• Young, Robert W & William Morgan, Sr. The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, NM: 1987.

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

yi-

1. they; class 4 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. them; class 4 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

yi-

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. him, her, it; class 9 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

yi-

1. they; class 4 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. them; class 4 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

yi-

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. him, her, it; class 9 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

yi-

1. they; class 4 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. them; class 4 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

yi-

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. him, her, it; class 9 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

yi-

1. they; class 4 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. them; class 4 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

yi-

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. him, her, it; class 9 object concord.

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-

yi-

1. Class 4 subject concord.

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-

yi-

1. Class 9 subject concord.

Compare with Navajo yi-.

yi-

1. Marks a third person obviate verbal subject

• Begay, Kayla Rae (2017), Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page 166

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

yi-

1. they; class 4 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. them; class 4 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

yi-

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. him, her, it; class 9 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

yí-

1. they; class 4 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. them; class 4 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

yí-

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.
2. him, her, it; class 9 object concord.

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “yi-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “yi-”