Salar
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bar-. Cognate to Azerbaijani varmaq, Gagauz varmaa, Turkish varmak, Turkmen barmak, etc.
Pronunciation
- (Xunhua, Hualong, Qinghai; Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /vɑ(ː)ʁusɨ/
- (Gansu) IPA(key): /pɑ(ː)ʁusɨ/
Verb
vağusı (present varar, past varcı)
- to go
Sen qala vağur-i?- Where will you go?
Sen varsa men de vağur.- If you go, then I (will) go too.
Men Şunhuağa işgi gez vağan var.- I have been to Xunhua twice.
U her güni dağğa mal kütme vaba.- S/he goes to mountain to graze the animals every day.
Su işme varcı.- S/he went to drink water.
Kinem aña neme qaynatışma vamış.- My wife went to her (house) to help her cooking.
Balalar qonaq vağudana iş.- Let the children eat after the guests have left.
Conjugation
Conjugation of vağusı
basic conjugation
| basic conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
varar
|
varar-a
|
vamas
|
vamas-a
|
| continuous
|
vabır
|
vaba(r)
|
var yoxdır,
vamır
|
var yox-a
|
| past
|
varcı
|
vamış
|
vamacı
|
vamamış
|
| future
|
vağur
|
vağa(r)
|
vamağur
|
vamağa(r)
|
| past perfect
|
vağan var
|
vağan var-a
|
vağan yoxdır
|
vağan yox-a
|
| necessitative
|
vağı
|
vamağı
|
| conditional
|
varsa
|
vamasa
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
varal
|
vamağal
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
var
|
vama
|
| 2nd person
|
vardoğo
|
vaquma
|
| 3rd person
|
vaqoğı
|
vamağı
|
| infinitive
|
vağusı
|
vamağusı
|
| manner noun
|
varış
|
vamaş
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
vağan
|
vamağan
|
| perfective
|
vamış
|
vamamış
|
| prospective
|
vağusı
|
vamağusı
|
| agent noun
|
vağucı
|
vamağucı
|
|
|
converbs
|
| purposive converb
|
vama
|
| posterior converb
|
vağu, varcanı
|
| anterior converb
|
vağunçük
|
| iterative converb
|
vara-vara
|
| immediate posterior converb
|
vağuşlı
|
| causal converb
|
varcanı
|
| prospective converb
|
vağudana
|
question conjugation
| question conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
|
experimental1
|
inferential2
|
experimental
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
varar-(m)i
|
varar-(m)o
|
vamas-(m)i
|
vamas-(m)o
|
| continuous
|
vabır-(m)i
|
vaba(r)-(m)o
|
var yoxdır-(m)i
|
var yox-aro
|
| past
|
var-du,
varcı-mu
|
vamış-(m)o
|
vama-du,
vamacı-mu
|
vamamış-(m)o
|
| future
|
vağur-(m)i
|
vağa(r)-(m)o
|
vamağur-(m)i
|
vamağa(r)-(m)o
|
| past perfect
|
vağan var-(m)i
|
vağan var-(m)o
|
vağan yoxdır-(m)i
|
vağan yox-aro
|
| necessitative
|
vağı-mu
|
vamağı-mu
|
| conditional
|
varsa-mu
|
vamasa-mu
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
varal-mu
|
vamağal-mu
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
var-mu
|
vama-mu
|
| 2nd person
|
vardoğo-mu
|
vaquma-mu
|
| 3rd person
|
vaqoğı-mu
|
vamağı-mu
|
| infinitive
|
vağusı-mu
|
vamağusı-mu
|
| manner noun
|
varış-mu
|
vamaş-mu
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
vağan-mu
|
vamağan-mu
|
| perfective
|
vamış-mu
|
vamamış-mu
|
| prospective
|
vağusı-mu
|
vamağusı-mu
|
| agent noun
|
vağucı-mu
|
vamağucı-mu
|
potential conjugation
| potential conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
varalar
|
varalar-a
|
varalmas
|
varalmas-a
|
| continuous
|
varalbır
|
varalba(r)
|
varal yoxdır,
varalmır
|
varal yox-a
|
| past
|
varalcı
|
varalmış
|
varalmacı
|
varalmamış
|
| future
|
varalğur
|
varalğa(r)
|
varalmağur
|
varalmağa(r)
|
| past perfect
|
varalğan var
|
varalğan var-a
|
varalğan yoxdır
|
varalğan yox-a
|
inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
| inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
{{{71}}}
|
{{{72}}}
|
{{{101}}}
|
{{{102}}}
|
| continuous
|
{{{73}}}
|
{{{74}}}
|
{{{103}}},
{{{1031}}}
|
{{{104}}}
|
| past
|
{{{75}}}
|
{{{76}}}
|
{{{105}}}
|
{{{106}}}
|
| future
|
{{{77}}}
|
{{{78}}}
|
{{{107}}}
|
{{{108}}}
|
| past perfect
|
{{{79}}}
|
{{{80}}}
|
{{{109}}}
|
{{{110}}}
|
|
1 The speaker knows the answer to the question, or believes that herself/himself does.
2 The speaker genuinely does not know the answer to the question.
Derived terms
References
- Potanin, G.N. (1893), “vağusı”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 432
- Yanchuk, Mikola Andriyovich (1893), Этнографическое ОбозрѢніе: Императорскаго Общества Любителей Естествознанія, Антропологіи и Этнографіи [Ethnographical Review: Imperial Society of Lovers of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnography][1] (in Russian), Moscow: Publication of the Ethnographic Department
- Rockhill, William Woodville (1894), “wara”, in Diary of a journey through Mongolia and Tibet in 1891 and 1892, Washington: Smithsonian Institution, page wara
- Poppe, Nicholas (1953). Remarks on The Salar Language. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 16(3/4), 438–477. [2]
- Kakuk, S. (1962), “vağusı”, in “Un Vocabulaire Salar”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae[3], volume 14, number 2, Akadémiai Kiadó, →ISBN, page 194
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “vağusı”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 300, 433, 437, 539, 540, 541
- 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985), “var-”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar][4], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, pages 65, 68, 105, 106, 141
- Ma, Quanlin; Ma, Wanxiang; Ma, Zhicheng (1993), “vagu”, in Kevin Stuart, editor, Salar Language Language Materials, number 43, Philadelphia: Sino-Platonic Papers, page vagu
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “vargusı”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon[5], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 175
- Dwyer, Arienne M. (2007), “vağusı”, in Salar: A Study in Inner Asian Language Contact Processes: Part I: Phonology[6], 1st edition, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 166
- 进锋张 [Ayso Cañ Cinfen] (2008), 乌璐别格 [Ulubeğ], 鄭初陽 [Çuyañ Yebey oğlı Ceñ], editors, 撒拉尔谚语 [Salar İbret Sözler, Salar Proverbs][7], China Salar Youth League, page 23
- Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “vağusı”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 307
- “vağusı” in Ölmez, Mehmet (December 2012), “Oğuzların En Doğudaki Kolu: Salırlar ve Dilleri [The Easternmost Branch of the Oghuzs: Salars and Their Language]”, in Türk Dili (in Turkish), volume CII, number 732, pages 38-43
- 马伟 [Ma Wei]; 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014), “var-”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader][8], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, pages 60, 76
- She, Xiu Cun (2015), “vağusı”, in 撒拉语语音研究 [Kunlun academic Series: Salar Phonetic Research][9], China: 上海大学出版社, →ISBN, page 132
- 马伟 (Ma Wei); 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016), “var-”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), pages 54, 56, 92, 291