Estonian
Noun
tukana
- essive singular of tukk
Nheengatu
Etymology
Brazilian Portuguese tucanoinflu. Nheengatu tukana
Borrowed from Old Tupi tukana, influenced by Brazilian Portuguese tucano. The broader use, including other toucan species and the Tucano people, is a semantic loan from Brazilian Portuguese tucano. Doublet of tukanu.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuˈka.na/, [tuˈkã.nɐ]
- Rhymes: -ana
- Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na
Adjective
tukana
- (relational) Tucano
Noun
tukana (plural tukana-itá)
- toucan (any bird from the family Ramphastidae)
- Tucano people
- (uncountable) Tucano language
Derived terms
- tukana-arasarí
- tukana-buya
- tukana-ira
- tukana-iwakawa
- tukana-makaxera
- tukana-maniiwa
References
- Avila, Marcel Twardowsky (2021), “tukana”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 765
Old Tupi
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn.
Cognate with Kamayurá tukan, Mbya Guarani and Wayampi tukã.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tuˈkã.na]
- Rhymes: -ãna
- Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na
Noun
tukana (unpossessable)
- toco toucan (Ramphastos toco)
- Synonym: tukanusu
Descendants
- Nheengatu: tukana
- → French: toucan m (see there for further descendants)
- → New Latin: tucana, Tucana
- → Portuguese: tucano m (see there for further descendants)
References
- Jean de Léry (1578), chapter XI, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 175: “Toucan [Tukan[a]]”
- Claude d'Abbeville (1614), chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 237v: “Toucan [Tukan[a]]”
- Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648), Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book V, chapter XV (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 217: “Tvcana [Tukana]”
- Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “tukana”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil ] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 481, column 2
- Papavero, Nelson; Teixeira, Dante Martins (2014), Zoonímia tupi nos escritos quinhentistas europeus [Tupi zoonymy in the 16th-century European writings] (Arquivos NEHiLP; 3) (in Portuguese), São Paulo: FFLCH-USP, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 266
Swahili
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-tukana (infinitive kutukana)
- to abuse, insult
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -tukana
|
| Positive present
|
-natukana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-tukane
|
| Negative
|
-tukani
|
| Imperative singular
|
tukana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
tukana
|
| Plural
|
tukaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutukana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litukana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutukana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natukana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatukana/natukana
|
tunatukana
|
| 2nd person
|
unatukana
|
mnatukana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatukana
|
wanatukana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natukana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -tukani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
situkani
|
hatutukani
|
| 2nd person
|
hutukani
|
hamtukani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatukani
|
hawatukani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -tukani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatukana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatukana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tukane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitukane
|
tutukane
|
| 2nd person
|
utukane
|
mtukane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atukane
|
watukane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -tukane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -situkane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetukana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetukana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitukana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitukana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atukana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natukana
|
twatukana
|
| 2nd person
|
watukana
|
mwatukana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atukana
|
watukana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watukana
|
yatukana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latukana
|
yatukana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatukana
|
vyatukana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatukana
|
zatukana
|
| u(XI)
|
watukana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatukana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patukana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatukana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metukana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatukana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatukana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitukana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotukana
|
| Consecutive
|
katukana / positive subject concord + -katukana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katukane
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitukana
|
-tutukana
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutukana
|
-watukana/-kutukaneni/-watukaneni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtukana
|
-watukana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utukana
|
-itukana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litukana
|
-yatukana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitukana
|
-vitukana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itukana
|
-zitukana
|
| u(XI)
|
-utukana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutukana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patukana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutukana
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitukana
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tukana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-tukanaye
|
-tukanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-tukanao
|
-tukanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-tukanalo
|
-tukanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-tukanacho
|
-tukanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-tukanayo
|
-tukanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-tukanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-tukanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-tukanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-tukanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tukana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetukana
|
-otukana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otukana
|
-yotukana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotukana
|
-yotukana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotukana
|
-vyotukana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotukana
|
-zotukana
|
| u(XI)
|
-otukana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotukana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potukana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motukana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms