sperno

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *spernō, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH-. The perfect stem of the term may have been innovatively formed within Latin, perhaps according to the model of terms such as pleō. Alternatively, the zero-grade of an original root aorist may have produced the form *spera-, which perhaps evolved into *sprā-. Afterwards, the term may have then been reshaped into *sprē-.

Compare Latin spurius, parcus, spargō, spurcus, Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō), English spurn, spread, spare.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈspɛr.noː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈspɛr.no]

Verb

spernō (present infinitive spernere, perfect active sprēvī, supine sprētum); third conjugation

to move aside, push away
Synonyms: aufero, abduco, tollō, adimō, rapiō, ēripiō, dīripiō, arceo, excludo

Antonyms: praefero, produco, affero, edo, profero, propono
to sever, separate, remove
Synonyms: separo, segrego, intersaepio, excludo, dīvertō, dirimō
to despise, reject, scorn, spurn
Synonyms: contemnō, dētrectō, cavillor, abiciō, āspernor, trādūcō, neglegō

Spernunt dīvitiās et voluptātēs.
They despise riches and pleasures.

Conjugation

Conjugation of spernō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	spernō	spernis		spernit	spernimus	spernitis		spernunt
	imperfect	spernēbam	spernēbās		spernēbat	spernēbāmus	spernēbātis		spernēbant
	future	spernam	spernēs		spernet	spernēmus	spernētis		spernent
	perfect	sprēvī	sprēvistī		sprēvit	sprēvimus	sprēvistis		sprēvērunt, sprēvēre
	pluperfect	sprēveram	sprēverās		sprēverat	sprēverāmus	sprēverātis		sprēverant
	future perfect	sprēverō	sprēveris		sprēverit	sprēverimus	sprēveritis		sprēverint
passive	present	spernor	sperneris, spernere		spernitur	spernimur	sperniminī		spernuntur
	imperfect	spernēbar	spernēbāris, spernēbāre		spernēbātur	spernēbāmur	spernēbāminī		spernēbantur
	future	spernar	spernēris, spernēre		spernētur	spernēmur	spernēminī		spernentur
	perfect	sprētus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	sprētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	sprētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	spernam	spernās		spernat	spernāmus	spernātis		spernant
	imperfect	spernerem	spernerēs		sperneret	spernerēmus	spernerētis		spernerent
	perfect	sprēverim	sprēverīs		sprēverit	sprēverīmus	sprēverītis		sprēverint
	pluperfect	sprēvissem	sprēvissēs		sprēvisset	sprēvissēmus	sprēvissētis		sprēvissent
passive	present	spernar	spernāris, spernāre		spernātur	spernāmur	spernāminī		spernantur
	imperfect	spernerer	spernerēris, spernerēre		spernerētur	spernerēmur	spernerēminī		spernerentur
	perfect	sprētus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	sprētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	sperne		—	—	spernite		—
active	future	—	spernitō		spernitō	—	spernitōte		spernuntō
passive	present	—	spernere		—	—	sperniminī		—
passive	future	—	spernitor		spernitor	—	—		spernuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		spernere		spernī		spernēns		—
future		sprētūrum esse		sprētum īrī		sprētūrus		spernendus, spernundus
perfect		sprēvisse		sprētum esse		—		sprētus
future perfect		—		sprētum fore		—		—
perfect potential		sprētūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		spernendī	spernendō		spernendum	spernendō	sprētum		sprētū

References

“sperno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
sperno in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
“sperno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“sperno”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 579
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 585
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 584