sama

sama

1. (Chungli)
   1. to destroy, devastate, annihilate
   2. to be destroyed, devastated
      • 1967, “Matthew 18:11”, in Ao Naga Common Language Bible, Bible Society of India:

        Kechiaser Nisung Chir sama-a aliba kümzüktsü aru.

        For the Son of Man came to save those who were devastated.

      • 1967, “Psalm 9:3”, in Ao Naga Common Language Bible, Bible Society of India:

        Kodang kü tsükchir meyip; parnok ne madang lao aser sama.

        When my enemies turned around, they fell over and perished before you.

• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 111
• Clark, E. W. (1911), “SAMA”, in Ao-Naga dictionary, Dimapur

sama

1. gift

sama

1. to bring a gift (after a voyage)

sàmá

1. elephant

sama

1. to pull

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /s̺ama/ [s̺a.ma]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ama, -a
• Hyphenation: sa‧ma

sama inan

1. (anatomy) neck

• “sama”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “sama”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

There are two theories as to where this word origiated:

• Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Malagasy samy (“both, each, every one; same”); Indonesian sama; Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”), 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”)).^[1]
• Borrowed from Malay sama, from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *samás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).

sama

1. like
2. same

   Synonym: pareho

• Hyphenation: sa‧ma
• IPA^(key): /ˈsama/ [ˈsa.ma]

sáma

1. to get along with others, to be sociable

• Hyphenation: sa‧ma
• IPA^(key): /saˈmaʔ/ [saˈmaʔ]

samâ

1. eating or dining from the same plate

Inherited from Arabic سَمَاء (samāʔ), from Proto-Semitic *šamāy-.

sama f

1. sky

• Borg, Alexander (2004), A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 277

sama

1. elephant

• sogoba

• samabolo
• samaden
• samanun

Borrowed from English same, Polish sam and Russian са́мый (sámyj).^[2][3]

• IPA^(key): /ˈsama/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

sama (accusative singular saman, plural samaj, accusative plural samajn)

2. same; equal (identical in some or all ways)

   Synonym: egala

   Li montras saman respekton al nobeloj kaj malnobeloj. ― He shows equal respect to noblemen and common folk.

   • 2025 November 27, Renée Triolle, “La unua eŭropano, kiu vizitis Tibeton Alexandra David-Néel (1868-1969)”, in uea.facila‎^[1], archived from the original on 23 December 2025:

     Eblas diri, ke ŝi estas "feministo" en epoko, kiam virinoj ankoraŭ ne esperis havi la samajn rajtojn, kiujn havis viroj.

     It's possible to say she was a "feminist" in an epoch, when women did not yet hope to have the same rights as men did.

4. alike, similar, same (having a common likeness)

   Ĉiuj politikistoj estas samaj. ― All politicians are the same [or alike].

6. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) unvarying

   Ŝia opozicio estis sama. ― Her opposition was unvarying.

• alia (“other”)
• malsama, nesama (“different”)

• “sama”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “sama”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-present
• Butler, Montagu C. (1967), “sam-a”, in Esperanto-English Dictionary‎^[2], →OL, page 361

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *sama (“same”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same, alike”), presumably from *sem- (“together, one”).

Cognate with Finnish sama, Norwegian Bokmål samme, Swedish samma, Danish samme, and English same.

sama

1. same

sama (genitive sama, partitive sama)

1. same

• samasugune

From Proto-Finnic *sama (compare Estonian sama, Karelian sama, Votic sama), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz (compare Swedish samma, English same; also borrowed into Sami, compare Northern Sami seamma).

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝mɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
• Syllabification^(key): sa‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): sa‧ma

sama (indefinite)

1. same

   saman verran ― the same amount (of)

   samaa alkuperää ― of the same origin

   samaan aikaan ― at the same time

   samalla kertaa ― at the same time, in one fell swoop

   Sama tapaus on ollut esillä aikaisemmin. ― The same case has been brought up before.

   Sama jatkuu edelleen. ― The same (thing) keeps happening.

   Näemme taas huomenna samaan aikaan. ― We'll see the same time tomorrow.

   Se on pysynyt samana. ― It has stayed the same.

   Tilaan samaa kuin sinäkin. ― I'll order the same thing as you.

   Samaa se on kaikkialla. ― It's the same everywhere.

   Se on minulle aivan sama. ― It doesn't matter to me at all. (literally, “It's the completely same to me.”)

• “sama”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

• Maas, Masa

sama

1. romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰

Cognate with Proto-Semitic *šamāy-.

• IPA^(key): /sá.mà/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sə́.mə̀]

samà m or f (plural sàmàmai, possessed form samàn)

1. sky, heavens
2. top

samà

1. on top
2. in the sky

sama

1. indifferently

   Mér er sama. ― I don't care.

sama

1. inflection of sami (“the same”):
   1. accusative/dative/genitive masculine singular
   2. nominative feminine singular
   3. all-case neuter singular

sama

1. inflection of samur (“the same (usually in negative expressions)”):
   1. accusative feminine singular
   2. accusative masculine plural

• masa

Borrowed from Esperanto sama, English same.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsama/

sama

1. same

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsama/ [ˈsa.ma]
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

Inherited from Malay sama, from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Malagasy samy (“both, each, every one; same”); Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”), 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”)).^[1]

• Although it may be possible for this word to originate from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), the native Austronesian etymology is to be more likely due to the wide distribution in Oceanic languages that received little to no Indianisation.
  • If this is attested to have Austronesian origin, false cognate of Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”) and all its descendants, including English same, and Sanskrit सम (sama). More at same#Etymology 1.

sama (not comparable)

1. same

   Synonyms: ganal, serupa

   orang yang sama ― the same person

2. equal

   Synonyms: sejajar, sepadan, setara

   dua ditambah dua sama dengan empat

   two plus two is equal to four

Semantic loan from Betawi ama.

• ama

sama

1. (colloquial) with, by

   Synonyms: dengan, oleh

   Sofanya dicakar sama kucingku.

   The sofa was scratched by my cat.

2. (colloquial) and

   Synonym: (formal) dan

   Dia sama temennya ke kafe.

   He and his friend went to a cafe.

• “sama”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

• masa

From Proto-Finnic *sama, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz. Cognates include Finnish sama and Estonian sama.

Possibly merged with Russian самый (samyj, “selfsame”).

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑmɑˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈʃɑmɑˑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
• Hyphenation: sa‧ma

sama

1. same
   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa) [Geography: textbook for Ingrian elementary school third grade (first part)], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:

     Kääntiimmä toisee poolee - neet samat riissat leenööt kuras poolees.

     We turn to the second side - these same objects are to our left side.

   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva:

     Niku näämmä, näijen sannoin struktura ono sama:

     Apparently, the structure of these words is the same [as those].

2. selfsame
   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 54:

     Otamma saman sanan kalakas.

     Let's take the same word kalakas.

• (same): yks

• (antonym(s) of “same”): toin, muu

• V. I. Junus (1936), Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[6], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 101
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 503

sama

1. (Banawá) downriver

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

sama

1. Rōmaji transcription of さま

sama m

1. genitive singular of sams

sama

1. obsolete spelling of samā

• Andreas Johan Sjögren, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann (1861), Livisch-deutsches und deutsch-livisches Wörterbuch

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Malagasy samy (“both, each, every one; same”); Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”), 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”)).^[1]

• Although it may be possible for this word to originate from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), the native Austronesian etymology is to be more likely due to the wide distribution in Oceanic languages that received little to no Indianisation.

• IPA^(key): [sa.ma]
  • (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): [sa.mə]
• Rhymes: -ma, -a
• Hyphenation: sa‧ma

sama (Jawi spelling سام, comparative lebih sama, superlative paling sama)

1. Not different; the same.

   Synonym: serupa

   Bajunya sama dengan baju saya.

   His shirt is the same as my shirt.

2. Equal:
   1. (mathematics) The same in numerical value.

      Dua kali dua sama dengan empat.

      Two multiplied by two is equal to four.

   2. Of the same value, status, standing, etc.

      Synonyms: setanding, setaraf, setara, seimbang

      Dua produk ni tak sama.

      These two products aren't equal.

sama (Jawi spelling سام)

1. Joining other people; along.

   Synonym: sekali

   Dia orang gelak sama lepas dengar cerita itu sepenuhnya.

   They laughed along after hearing the full story.

2. With each other; together.

   Synonym: sama-sama

   Dua musuh itu sama terbahak menonton filem komedi itu.

   The two rivals laughed together watching the comedy film.

3. Towards each other or one another.

   Synonym: saling

   Kita orang memang sama tak suka pun jadi kamu tak payahlah menyampuk.

   We've always disliked each other so stop minding our business.

sama (Jawi spelling سام)

1. (informal) With.

   Synonym: dengan

   Marilah main sama kami.

   Come play with us.

2. (informal) To, toward; at.

   Synonyms: akan, kepada, pada

   Aku marah sama dia.

   I'm angry at him/her.

3. (obsolete) While.

   Synonyms: sambil, seraya

• “sama”, in Kamus Dewan [The Institute Dictionary] (in Malay), Fourth edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2005, →ISBN
• "sama" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

• masa, asam

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

sama

1. to impose
   • 2025 August 22, Danai Nesta Kupemba, “US go review visas wey Nigerians and oda citizens hold, promise to take action if dem break rules”, in BBC News Pidgin‎^[7]:

     Trump don also ban foreigners from 12 kontris make dem no travel go US. E also sama partial restrictions give seven oda kontri.

     Trump has also banned foreigners from 12 countries making them unable to travel to the US. He also imposed partial restrictions on seven other countries.

From Proto-Bantu *-kɪ́gama.

sama

1. to lean on
2. to rest the head

sama

1. alternative form of same

Related to sœma, from Proto-Germanic *sōmijaną (“to fit”).

sama (past indicative samdi, supine samat)

1. to beseem, befit, become

voice=active

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

sama

1. inflection of samr (“same”):
   1. strong feminine accusative singular
   2. strong masculine accusative plural
   3. weak masculine oblique singular
   4. weak feminine nominative singular
   5. weak neuter singular

sama

1. inflection of samr (“same”):
   1. feminine accusative singular
   2. masculine accusative plural
2. inflection of sami (“same”):
   1. masculine oblique singular
   2. feminine nominative singular
   3. neuter singular

sama

1. inflection of sami:
   1. indefinite oblique singular
   2. indefinite accusative plural
   3. indefinite genitive plural

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “sama”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

• samo

From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same”).

sama

1. same

• Middle Low German: same, sam

Inherited from Sanskrit सम (samá).

sama

1. even, level
2. like, equal, the same
3. impartial

• → Burmese: သမ (sa.ma.)
• → Khmer: សម (sɑm)
• → Thai: สม (sǒm)

• Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “sama”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ma/
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

sama

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of sam

sama

1. breath
2. rest

• samay

sama ? (Cyrillic spelling сама)

1. (her-)self

Either from the following:

• Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”).
• Borrowed from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”) with semantic shift.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsama/ [ˈsaː.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

sama (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ)

1. going with or accompanying someone to a certain place

   Synonyms: pagsama, hatid, paghatid

2. inclusion into a group (of someone)

   Synonyms: sali, pagsasali

3. combining; mixing (of one thing with another)

   Synonyms: halo, paghahalo, lahok, paglalahok

4. living with someone in the same place

   Synonyms: suno, pagsuno, pagsusuno, (as a married couple) pisan, (as a married couple) pagpipisan

Either from Sanskrit विषम (viṣama, “unequal, wicked, wrong”) or Sanskrit दुःषम (duḥṣáma, “uneven, perverse, bad”).

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /saˈmaʔ/ [sɐˈmaʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

samâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ)

1. evil; wrongdoing; wickedness

   Synonyms: kasamaan, sala, pagkakasala, kabuhungan

2. defect; fault

   Synonyms: depekto, kapintasan

3. misfortune; bad luck

   Synonyms: kamalasan, kawalang-suwerte

4. bad feeling (in certain expressions)
5. resentment (used with loob)

   Synonyms: hinanakit, paghihinanakit, pagdaramdam

6. bad quality (of something)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /saˈma/ [sɐˈma]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: sa‧ma

samá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ)

1. share (of stock)

   Synonym: sapi

2. share of capital (in a business partnership or gambling)

   Synonyms: bakas, sosyo

samá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ)

1. of the business relationship of shareholders

   Synonyms: sosyo, magkasosyo, bakas, magkabakas

• “sama”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*sama”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

• masa, amas, asam

Externally, compare North Moluccan Malay sema.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ma/

sama (Jawi سامه)

1. the outrigger (of a proa, etc.)

Compare Tidore soma, Sahu samama (“crocodile”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ma/

sama (Jawi سامه)

1. a crocodile

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890), Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

From Proto-Finnic *sama, from Proto-Germanic *samaz,

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈsɑmɑ]
• (Jõgõperä) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈsɑmɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
• Hyphenation: sa‧ma

sama

1. same

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “sama”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

sama

1. water

• ASJP