rukka

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse hrukka, from Proto-Germanic *hrunkǭ (wrinkle, crease).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɹʊʰkːa/
  • Rhymes: -ʊʰkːa

Noun

rukka f (genitive singular rukku, plural rukkur)

  1. wrinkle, crease

Declension

f1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative rukka rukkan rukkur rukkurnar
accusative rukku rukkuna rukkur rukkurnar
dative rukku rukkuni rukkum rukkunum
genitive rukku rukkunnar rukka rukkanna

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukːɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ukːɑ
  • Syllabification(key): ruk‧ka
  • Hyphenation(key): ruk‧ka

Etymology 1

    Probably a development from rukka (etymology 2), compare similar development in parka, raasu and riepu.

    Noun

    rukka

    1. poor, pitiful person or thing
      lapsirukkapoor child
      Pekka-rukkapoor Pekka
    Usage notes

    Mostly used in compounds (e.g. with a name), but can be also used alone.

    Declension
    Inflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
    nominative rukka rukat
    genitive rukan rukkien
    partitive rukkaa rukkia
    illative rukkaan rukkiin
    singular plural
    nominative rukka rukat
    accusative nom. rukka rukat
    gen. rukan
    genitive rukan rukkien
    rukkain rare
    partitive rukkaa rukkia
    inessive rukassa rukissa
    elative rukasta rukista
    illative rukkaan rukkiin
    adessive rukalla rukilla
    ablative rukalta rukilta
    allative rukalle rukille
    essive rukkana rukkina
    translative rukaksi rukiksi
    abessive rukatta rukitta
    instructive rukin
    comitative See the possessive forms below.
    Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative rukkani rukkani
    accusative nom. rukkani rukkani
    gen. rukkani
    genitive rukkani rukkieni
    rukkaini rare
    partitive rukkaani rukkiani
    inessive rukassani rukissani
    elative rukastani rukistani
    illative rukkaani rukkiini
    adessive rukallani rukillani
    ablative rukaltani rukiltani
    allative rukalleni rukilleni
    essive rukkanani rukkinani
    translative rukakseni rukikseni
    abessive rukattani rukittani
    instructive
    comitative rukkineni
    second-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative rukkasi rukkasi
    accusative nom. rukkasi rukkasi
    gen. rukkasi
    genitive rukkasi rukkiesi
    rukkaisi rare
    partitive rukkaasi rukkiasi
    inessive rukassasi rukissasi
    elative rukastasi rukistasi
    illative rukkaasi rukkiisi
    adessive rukallasi rukillasi
    ablative rukaltasi rukiltasi
    allative rukallesi rukillesi
    essive rukkanasi rukkinasi
    translative rukaksesi rukiksesi
    abessive rukattasi rukittasi
    instructive
    comitative rukkinesi
    first-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative rukkamme rukkamme
    accusative nom. rukkamme rukkamme
    gen. rukkamme
    genitive rukkamme rukkiemme
    rukkaimme rare
    partitive rukkaamme rukkiamme
    inessive rukassamme rukissamme
    elative rukastamme rukistamme
    illative rukkaamme rukkiimme
    adessive rukallamme rukillamme
    ablative rukaltamme rukiltamme
    allative rukallemme rukillemme
    essive rukkanamme rukkinamme
    translative rukaksemme rukiksemme
    abessive rukattamme rukittamme
    instructive
    comitative rukkinemme
    second-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative rukkanne rukkanne
    accusative nom. rukkanne rukkanne
    gen. rukkanne
    genitive rukkanne rukkienne
    rukkainne rare
    partitive rukkaanne rukkianne
    inessive rukassanne rukissanne
    elative rukastanne rukistanne
    illative rukkaanne rukkiinne
    adessive rukallanne rukillanne
    ablative rukaltanne rukiltanne
    allative rukallenne rukillenne
    essive rukkananne rukkinanne
    translative rukaksenne rukiksenne
    abessive rukattanne rukittanne
    instructive
    comitative rukkinenne
    third-person possessor
    singular plural
    nominative rukkansa rukkansa
    accusative nom. rukkansa rukkansa
    gen. rukkansa
    genitive rukkansa rukkiensa
    rukkainsa rare
    partitive rukkaansa rukkiaan
    rukkiansa
    inessive rukassaan
    rukassansa
    rukissaan
    rukissansa
    elative rukastaan
    rukastansa
    rukistaan
    rukistansa
    illative rukkaansa rukkiinsa
    adessive rukallaan
    rukallansa
    rukillaan
    rukillansa
    ablative rukaltaan
    rukaltansa
    rukiltaan
    rukiltansa
    allative rukalleen
    rukallensa
    rukilleen
    rukillensa
    essive rukkanaan
    rukkanansa
    rukkinaan
    rukkinansa
    translative rukakseen
    rukaksensa
    rukikseen
    rukiksensa
    abessive rukattaan
    rukattansa
    rukittaan
    rukittansa
    instructive
    comitative rukkineen
    rukkinensa
    Synonyms
    Derived terms
    compounds

    Further reading

    Etymology 2

      From Proto-Finnic *rukka, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz. Doublet of frakki and rukki.

      Noun

      rukka (dialectal)

      1. reindeer fur coat
      Declension
      Inflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
      nominative rukka rukat
      genitive rukan rukkien
      partitive rukkaa rukkia
      illative rukkaan rukkiin
      singular plural
      nominative rukka rukat
      accusative nom. rukka rukat
      gen. rukan
      genitive rukan rukkien
      rukkain rare
      partitive rukkaa rukkia
      inessive rukassa rukissa
      elative rukasta rukista
      illative rukkaan rukkiin
      adessive rukalla rukilla
      ablative rukalta rukilta
      allative rukalle rukille
      essive rukkana rukkina
      translative rukaksi rukiksi
      abessive rukatta rukitta
      instructive rukin
      comitative See the possessive forms below.
      Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
      first-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative rukkani rukkani
      accusative nom. rukkani rukkani
      gen. rukkani
      genitive rukkani rukkieni
      rukkaini rare
      partitive rukkaani rukkiani
      inessive rukassani rukissani
      elative rukastani rukistani
      illative rukkaani rukkiini
      adessive rukallani rukillani
      ablative rukaltani rukiltani
      allative rukalleni rukilleni
      essive rukkanani rukkinani
      translative rukakseni rukikseni
      abessive rukattani rukittani
      instructive
      comitative rukkineni
      second-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative rukkasi rukkasi
      accusative nom. rukkasi rukkasi
      gen. rukkasi
      genitive rukkasi rukkiesi
      rukkaisi rare
      partitive rukkaasi rukkiasi
      inessive rukassasi rukissasi
      elative rukastasi rukistasi
      illative rukkaasi rukkiisi
      adessive rukallasi rukillasi
      ablative rukaltasi rukiltasi
      allative rukallesi rukillesi
      essive rukkanasi rukkinasi
      translative rukaksesi rukiksesi
      abessive rukattasi rukittasi
      instructive
      comitative rukkinesi
      first-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative rukkamme rukkamme
      accusative nom. rukkamme rukkamme
      gen. rukkamme
      genitive rukkamme rukkiemme
      rukkaimme rare
      partitive rukkaamme rukkiamme
      inessive rukassamme rukissamme
      elative rukastamme rukistamme
      illative rukkaamme rukkiimme
      adessive rukallamme rukillamme
      ablative rukaltamme rukiltamme
      allative rukallemme rukillemme
      essive rukkanamme rukkinamme
      translative rukaksemme rukiksemme
      abessive rukattamme rukittamme
      instructive
      comitative rukkinemme
      second-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative rukkanne rukkanne
      accusative nom. rukkanne rukkanne
      gen. rukkanne
      genitive rukkanne rukkienne
      rukkainne rare
      partitive rukkaanne rukkianne
      inessive rukassanne rukissanne
      elative rukastanne rukistanne
      illative rukkaanne rukkiinne
      adessive rukallanne rukillanne
      ablative rukaltanne rukiltanne
      allative rukallenne rukillenne
      essive rukkananne rukkinanne
      translative rukaksenne rukiksenne
      abessive rukattanne rukittanne
      instructive
      comitative rukkinenne
      third-person possessor
      singular plural
      nominative rukkansa rukkansa
      accusative nom. rukkansa rukkansa
      gen. rukkansa
      genitive rukkansa rukkiensa
      rukkainsa rare
      partitive rukkaansa rukkiaan
      rukkiansa
      inessive rukassaan
      rukassansa
      rukissaan
      rukissansa
      elative rukastaan
      rukastansa
      rukistaan
      rukistansa
      illative rukkaansa rukkiinsa
      adessive rukallaan
      rukallansa
      rukillaan
      rukillansa
      ablative rukaltaan
      rukaltansa
      rukiltaan
      rukiltansa
      allative rukalleen
      rukallensa
      rukilleen
      rukillensa
      essive rukkanaan
      rukkanansa
      rukkinaan
      rukkinansa
      translative rukakseen
      rukaksensa
      rukikseen
      rukiksensa
      abessive rukattaan
      rukattansa
      rukittaan
      rukittansa
      instructive
      comitative rukkineen
      rukkinensa
      Derived terms

      Anagrams

      Icelandic

      Etymology

      Borrowed from Danish rykke, from Old Norse rykkja (whence also inherited Icelandic rykkja), from Proto-Germanic *rukkijaną.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈrʏhka/
        Rhymes: -ʏhka

      Verb

      rukka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative rukkaði, supine rukkað)

      1. (transitive) to collect payment from (someone)
      2. (transitive) to collect (payment)
      3. (transitive) to ask for, take, demand (payment), set the price at (a certain amount)

      Conjugation

      rukka – active voice (germynd)
      infinitive nafnháttur rukka
      supine sagnbót rukkað
      present participle
      rukkandi
      indicative
      subjunctive
      present
      past
      present
      past
      singular ég rukka rukkaði rukki rukkaði
      þú rukkar rukkaðir rukkir rukkaðir
      hann, hún, það rukkar rukkaði rukki rukkaði
      plural við rukkum rukkuðum rukkum rukkuðum
      þið rukkið rukkuðuð rukkið rukkuðuð
      þeir, þær, þau rukka rukkuðu rukki rukkuðu
      imperative boðháttur
      singular þú rukka (þú), rukkaðu
      plural þið rukkið (þið), rukkiði1
      1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
      rukkast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
      infinitive nafnháttur að rukkast
      supine sagnbót rukkast
      present participle
      rukkandist (rare; see appendix)
      indicative
      subjunctive
      present
      past
      present
      past
      singular ég rukkast rukkaðist rukkist rukkaðist
      þú rukkast rukkaðist rukkist rukkaðist
      hann, hún, það rukkast rukkaðist rukkist rukkaðist
      plural við rukkumst rukkuðumst rukkumst rukkuðumst
      þið rukkist rukkuðust rukkist rukkuðust
      þeir, þær, þau rukkast rukkuðust rukkist rukkuðust
      imperative boðháttur
      singular þú rukkast (þú), rukkastu
      plural þið rukkist (þið), rukkisti1
      1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
      rukkaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
      strong declension
      (sterk beyging)
      singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
      masculine
      (karlkyn)
      feminine
      (kvenkyn)
      neuter
      (hvorugkyn)
      masculine
      (karlkyn)
      feminine
      (kvenkyn)
      neuter
      (hvorugkyn)
      nominative
      (nefnifall)
      rukkaður rukkuð rukkað rukkaðir rukkaðar rukkuð
      accusative
      (þolfall)
      rukkaðan rukkaða rukkað rukkaða rukkaðar rukkuð
      dative
      (þágufall)
      rukkuðum rukkaðri rukkuðu rukkuðum rukkuðum rukkuðum
      genitive
      (eignarfall)
      rukkaðs rukkaðrar rukkaðs rukkaðra rukkaðra rukkaðra
      weak declension
      (veik beyging)
      singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
      masculine
      (karlkyn)
      feminine
      (kvenkyn)
      neuter
      (hvorugkyn)
      masculine
      (karlkyn)
      feminine
      (kvenkyn)
      neuter
      (hvorugkyn)
      nominative
      (nefnifall)
      rukkaði rukkaða rukkaða rukkuðu rukkuðu rukkuðu
      accusative
      (þolfall)
      rukkaða rukkuðu rukkaða rukkuðu rukkuðu rukkuðu
      dative
      (þágufall)
      rukkaða rukkuðu rukkaða rukkuðu rukkuðu rukkuðu
      genitive
      (eignarfall)
      rukkaða rukkuðu rukkaða rukkuðu rukkuðu rukkuðu

      Synonyms

      Ingrian

      Etymology

      Akin to Finnish rukka.

      Pronunciation

      • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukː]
      • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukːɑ]
      • Rhymes: -ukː, -ukːɑ
      • Hyphenation: ruk‧ka

      Noun

      rukka

      1. (in compounds) poor (one deserving pity)

      Declension

      Declension of rukka (type 3/koira, kk-k gradation)
      singular plural
      nominative rukka rukat
      genitive rukan rukkiin
      partitive rukkaa rukkia
      illative rukkaa rukkii
      inessive rukas rukis
      elative rukast rukist
      allative rukalle rukille
      adessive rukal rukil
      ablative rukalt rukilt
      translative rukaks rukiks
      essive rukkanna, rukkaan rukkinna, rukkiin
      exessive1) rukkant rukkint
      1) obsolete
      *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
      **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

      Derived terms

      References

      • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491