Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic رَجَمَ (rajama).
Verb
-rujumu (infinitive kurujumu)
- to stone, to lapidate
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rujumu
|
| Positive present
|
-narujumu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rujumu
|
| Negative
|
-rujumu
|
| Imperative singular
|
rujumu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rujumu
|
| Plural
|
rujumuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurujumu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirujumu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurujumu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narujumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarujumu/narujumu
|
tunarujumu
|
| 2nd person
|
unarujumu
|
mnarujumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarujumu
|
wanarujumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narujumu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rujumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirujumu
|
haturujumu
|
| 2nd person
|
hurujumu
|
hamrujumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harujumu
|
hawarujumu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rujumu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarujumu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarujumu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rujumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirujumu
|
turujumu
|
| 2nd person
|
urujumu
|
mrujumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arujumu
|
warujumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rujumu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirujumu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerujumu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerujumu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirujumu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirujumu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arujumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narujumu
|
twarujumu
|
| 2nd person
|
warujumu
|
mwarujumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arujumu
|
warujumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warujumu
|
yarujumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larujumu
|
yarujumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charujumu
|
vyarujumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarujumu
|
zarujumu
|
| u(XI)
|
warujumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarujumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parujumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarujumu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merujumu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharujumu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarujumu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirujumu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporujumu
|
| Consecutive
|
karujumu / positive subject concord + -karujumu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karujumu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirujumu
|
-turujumu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurujumu
|
-warujumu/-kurujumuni/-warujumuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrujumu
|
-warujumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urujumu
|
-irujumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirujumu
|
-yarujumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirujumu
|
-virujumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irujumu
|
-zirujumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-urujumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurujumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parujumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murujumu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirujumu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rujumu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rujumuye
|
-rujumuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rujumuo
|
-rujumuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rujumulo
|
-rujumuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rujumucho
|
-rujumuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rujumuyo
|
-rujumuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rujumuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rujumuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rujumupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rujumumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rujumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerujumu
|
-orujumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orujumu
|
-yorujumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorujumu
|
-yorujumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorujumu
|
-vyorujumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorujumu
|
-zorujumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-orujumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korujumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porujumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morujumu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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