Swahili
Etymology
Reduplication of -rudia (“to repeat”).
Verb
-rudiarudia (infinitive kurudiarudia)
- to recur
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rudiarudia
|
| Positive present
|
-narudiarudia
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rudiarudie
|
| Negative
|
-rudiarudii
|
| Imperative singular
|
rudiarudia
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rudiarudia
|
| Plural
|
rudiarudieni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurudiarudia
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirudiarudia
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurudiarudia
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narudiarudia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarudiarudia/narudiarudia
|
tunarudiarudia
|
| 2nd person
|
unarudiarudia
|
mnarudiarudia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarudiarudia
|
wanarudiarudia
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narudiarudia
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rudiarudii)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirudiarudii
|
haturudiarudii
|
| 2nd person
|
hurudiarudii
|
hamrudiarudii
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harudiarudii
|
hawarudiarudii
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rudiarudii
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarudiarudia
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarudiarudia
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rudiarudie)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirudiarudie
|
turudiarudie
|
| 2nd person
|
urudiarudie
|
mrudiarudie
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arudiarudie
|
warudiarudie
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rudiarudie
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirudiarudie
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerudiarudia
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerudiarudia
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirudiarudia
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirudiarudia
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arudiarudia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narudiarudia
|
twarudiarudia
|
| 2nd person
|
warudiarudia
|
mwarudiarudia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arudiarudia
|
warudiarudia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warudiarudia
|
yarudiarudia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larudiarudia
|
yarudiarudia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charudiarudia
|
vyarudiarudia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarudiarudia
|
zarudiarudia
|
| u(XI)
|
warudiarudia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarudiarudia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parudiarudia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarudiarudia
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merudiarudia
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharudiarudia
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarudiarudia
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirudiarudia
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporudiarudia
|
| Consecutive
|
karudiarudia / positive subject concord + -karudiarudia
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karudiarudie
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirudiarudia
|
-turudiarudia
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurudiarudia
|
-warudiarudia/-kurudiarudieni/-warudiarudieni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrudiarudia
|
-warudiarudia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urudiarudia
|
-irudiarudia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirudiarudia
|
-yarudiarudia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirudiarudia
|
-virudiarudia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irudiarudia
|
-zirudiarudia
|
| u(XI)
|
-urudiarudia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurudiarudia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parudiarudia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murudiarudia
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirudiarudia
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rudiarudia- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rudiarudiaye
|
-rudiarudiao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rudiarudiao
|
-rudiarudiayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rudiarudialo
|
-rudiarudiayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rudiarudiacho
|
-rudiarudiavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rudiarudiayo
|
-rudiarudiazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rudiarudiao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rudiarudiako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rudiarudiapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rudiarudiamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rudiarudia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerudiarudia
|
-orudiarudia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orudiarudia
|
-yorudiarudia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorudiarudia
|
-yorudiarudia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorudiarudia
|
-vyorudiarudia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorudiarudia
|
-zorudiarudia
|
| u(XI)
|
-orudiarudia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korudiarudia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porudiarudia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morudiarudia
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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