Swahili
Etymology
Uncertain; maybe related to -tatua (“to disentangle”).[1] Compare with Ngazidja Comorian -rarua.
Pronunciation
Verb
-rarua (infinitive kurarua)
- to rip, to tear apart
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rarua
|
| Positive present
|
-nararua
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rarue
|
| Negative
|
-rarui
|
| Imperative singular
|
rarua
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kurarua
|
| Negative
|
kutorarua
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rarua
|
| Plural
|
rarueni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurarua
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirarua
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurarua
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nararua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninararua/nararua
|
tunararua
|
| 2nd person
|
unararua
|
mnararua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anararua
|
wanararua
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nararua
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rarui)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirarui
|
haturarui
|
| 2nd person
|
hurarui
|
hamrarui
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hararui
|
hawararui
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rarui
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tararua
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tararua
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rarue)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirarue
|
turarue
|
| 2nd person
|
urarue
|
mrarue
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ararue
|
wararue
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rarue
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirarue
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerarua
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerarua
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirarua
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirarua
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ararua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nararua
|
twararua
|
| 2nd person
|
wararua
|
mwararua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ararua
|
wararua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wararua
|
yararua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lararua
|
yararua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chararua
|
vyararua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yararua
|
zararua
|
| u(XI)
|
wararua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwararua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pararua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwararua
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merarua
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshararua
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jararua
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirarua
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporarua
|
| Consecutive
|
kararua / positive subject concord + -kararua
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kararue
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirarua
|
-turarua
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurarua
|
-wararua/-kurarueni/-wararueni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrarua
|
-wararua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urarua
|
-irarua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirarua
|
-yararua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirarua
|
-virarua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irarua
|
-zirarua
|
| u(XI)
|
-urarua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurarua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pararua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murarua
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirarua
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rarua- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-raruaye
|
-raruao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-raruao
|
-raruayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rarualo
|
-raruayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-raruacho
|
-raruavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-raruayo
|
-raruazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-raruao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-raruako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-raruapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-raruamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rarua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerarua
|
-orarua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orarua
|
-yorarua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorarua
|
-yorarua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorarua
|
-vyorarua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorarua
|
-zorarua
|
| u(XI)
|
-orarua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korarua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porarua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morarua
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Nurse, Derek; Hinnebusch, Thomas J. (1993), Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 608