Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpulkːɑ/, [ˈpulkːɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ulkːɑ
- Syllabification(key): pulk‧ka
- Hyphenation(key): pulk‧ka
Etymology 1
Uncertain; related to Proto-Samic *pulkkē, which is probably borrowed from Finnish. Has been compared with pulkka (etymology 2) based on the shape, (small) size or through the presence of a seat that would have been made of a wooden stick and/or referred to as that.[1]
Noun
pulkka
- pulk, toboggan (flat-bottomed small sled used chiefly as a toy but also to transport goods on snow)
- Synonym: ahkio (similar, but larger)
Declension
| Inflection of pulkka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
|
| nominative
|
pulkka
|
pulkat
|
| genitive
|
pulkan
|
pulkkien
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaa
|
pulkkia
|
| illative
|
pulkkaan
|
pulkkiin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkka
|
pulkat
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkka
|
pulkat
|
| gen.
|
pulkan
|
| genitive
|
pulkan
|
pulkkien
pulkkain rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaa
|
pulkkia
|
| inessive
|
pulkassa
|
pulkissa
|
| elative
|
pulkasta
|
pulkista
|
| illative
|
pulkkaan
|
pulkkiin
|
| adessive
|
pulkalla
|
pulkilla
|
| ablative
|
pulkalta
|
pulkilta
|
| allative
|
pulkalle
|
pulkille
|
| essive
|
pulkkana
|
pulkkina
|
| translative
|
pulkaksi
|
pulkiksi
|
| abessive
|
pulkatta
|
pulkitta
|
| instructive
|
—
|
pulkin
|
| comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkani
|
pulkkani
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkani
|
pulkkani
|
| gen.
|
pulkkani
|
| genitive
|
pulkkani
|
pulkkieni
pulkkaini rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaani
|
pulkkiani
|
| inessive
|
pulkassani
|
pulkissani
|
| elative
|
pulkastani
|
pulkistani
|
| illative
|
pulkkaani
|
pulkkiini
|
| adessive
|
pulkallani
|
pulkillani
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltani
|
pulkiltani
|
| allative
|
pulkalleni
|
pulkilleni
|
| essive
|
pulkkanani
|
pulkkinani
|
| translative
|
pulkakseni
|
pulkikseni
|
| abessive
|
pulkattani
|
pulkittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkasi
|
pulkkasi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkasi
|
pulkkasi
|
| gen.
|
pulkkasi
|
| genitive
|
pulkkasi
|
pulkkiesi
pulkkaisi rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaasi
|
pulkkiasi
|
| inessive
|
pulkassasi
|
pulkissasi
|
| elative
|
pulkastasi
|
pulkistasi
|
| illative
|
pulkkaasi
|
pulkkiisi
|
| adessive
|
pulkallasi
|
pulkillasi
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltasi
|
pulkiltasi
|
| allative
|
pulkallesi
|
pulkillesi
|
| essive
|
pulkkanasi
|
pulkkinasi
|
| translative
|
pulkaksesi
|
pulkiksesi
|
| abessive
|
pulkattasi
|
pulkittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkamme
|
pulkkamme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkamme
|
pulkkamme
|
| gen.
|
pulkkamme
|
| genitive
|
pulkkamme
|
pulkkiemme
pulkkaimme rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaamme
|
pulkkiamme
|
| inessive
|
pulkassamme
|
pulkissamme
|
| elative
|
pulkastamme
|
pulkistamme
|
| illative
|
pulkkaamme
|
pulkkiimme
|
| adessive
|
pulkallamme
|
pulkillamme
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltamme
|
pulkiltamme
|
| allative
|
pulkallemme
|
pulkillemme
|
| essive
|
pulkkanamme
|
pulkkinamme
|
| translative
|
pulkaksemme
|
pulkiksemme
|
| abessive
|
pulkattamme
|
pulkittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkanne
|
pulkkanne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkanne
|
pulkkanne
|
| gen.
|
pulkkanne
|
| genitive
|
pulkkanne
|
pulkkienne
pulkkainne rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaanne
|
pulkkianne
|
| inessive
|
pulkassanne
|
pulkissanne
|
| elative
|
pulkastanne
|
pulkistanne
|
| illative
|
pulkkaanne
|
pulkkiinne
|
| adessive
|
pulkallanne
|
pulkillanne
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltanne
|
pulkiltanne
|
| allative
|
pulkallenne
|
pulkillenne
|
| essive
|
pulkkananne
|
pulkkinanne
|
| translative
|
pulkaksenne
|
pulkiksenne
|
| abessive
|
pulkattanne
|
pulkittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkansa
|
pulkkansa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkansa
|
pulkkansa
|
| gen.
|
pulkkansa
|
| genitive
|
pulkkansa
|
pulkkiensa
pulkkainsa rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaansa
|
pulkkiaan
pulkkiansa
|
| inessive
|
pulkassaan
pulkassansa
|
pulkissaan
pulkissansa
|
| elative
|
pulkastaan
pulkastansa
|
pulkistaan
pulkistansa
|
| illative
|
pulkkaansa
|
pulkkiinsa
|
| adessive
|
pulkallaan
pulkallansa
|
pulkillaan
pulkillansa
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltaan
pulkaltansa
|
pulkiltaan
pulkiltansa
|
| allative
|
pulkalleen
pulkallensa
|
pulkilleen
pulkillensa
|
| essive
|
pulkkanaan
pulkkanansa
|
pulkkinaan
pulkkinansa
|
| translative
|
pulkakseen
pulkaksensa
|
pulkikseen
pulkiksensa
|
| abessive
|
pulkattaan
pulkattansa
|
pulkittaan
pulkittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkineen
pulkkinensa
|
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- → English: pulk
- → Karelian:
- North Karelian: pulkka (dialectal)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: pulk
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: pulk
- → Proto-Samic: *pulkkē (see there for further descendants)
- → Swedish: pulka
See also
References
- ^ Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “pulkka2”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *pulkka (compare Estonian pulk, Livonian pūlka, Votic pulkkõ).
Noun
pulkka
- tally, tally stick (piece of wood on which notches or scores were cut, as the marks of number)
- Synonym: pirkka
- päivä on pulkassa (idiom) ― the day's work is done (literally, “the day is on the tally stick”)
- Eiköhän panna päivä pulkkaan. ― Let's call it a day, shall we?
- (dialectal) stick, billet, baton
Declension
| Inflection of pulkka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
|
| nominative
|
pulkka
|
pulkat
|
| genitive
|
pulkan
|
pulkkien
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaa
|
pulkkia
|
| illative
|
pulkkaan
|
pulkkiin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkka
|
pulkat
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkka
|
pulkat
|
| gen.
|
pulkan
|
| genitive
|
pulkan
|
pulkkien
pulkkain rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaa
|
pulkkia
|
| inessive
|
pulkassa
|
pulkissa
|
| elative
|
pulkasta
|
pulkista
|
| illative
|
pulkkaan
|
pulkkiin
|
| adessive
|
pulkalla
|
pulkilla
|
| ablative
|
pulkalta
|
pulkilta
|
| allative
|
pulkalle
|
pulkille
|
| essive
|
pulkkana
|
pulkkina
|
| translative
|
pulkaksi
|
pulkiksi
|
| abessive
|
pulkatta
|
pulkitta
|
| instructive
|
—
|
pulkin
|
| comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkani
|
pulkkani
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkani
|
pulkkani
|
| gen.
|
pulkkani
|
| genitive
|
pulkkani
|
pulkkieni
pulkkaini rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaani
|
pulkkiani
|
| inessive
|
pulkassani
|
pulkissani
|
| elative
|
pulkastani
|
pulkistani
|
| illative
|
pulkkaani
|
pulkkiini
|
| adessive
|
pulkallani
|
pulkillani
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltani
|
pulkiltani
|
| allative
|
pulkalleni
|
pulkilleni
|
| essive
|
pulkkanani
|
pulkkinani
|
| translative
|
pulkakseni
|
pulkikseni
|
| abessive
|
pulkattani
|
pulkittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkasi
|
pulkkasi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkasi
|
pulkkasi
|
| gen.
|
pulkkasi
|
| genitive
|
pulkkasi
|
pulkkiesi
pulkkaisi rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaasi
|
pulkkiasi
|
| inessive
|
pulkassasi
|
pulkissasi
|
| elative
|
pulkastasi
|
pulkistasi
|
| illative
|
pulkkaasi
|
pulkkiisi
|
| adessive
|
pulkallasi
|
pulkillasi
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltasi
|
pulkiltasi
|
| allative
|
pulkallesi
|
pulkillesi
|
| essive
|
pulkkanasi
|
pulkkinasi
|
| translative
|
pulkaksesi
|
pulkiksesi
|
| abessive
|
pulkattasi
|
pulkittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkamme
|
pulkkamme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkamme
|
pulkkamme
|
| gen.
|
pulkkamme
|
| genitive
|
pulkkamme
|
pulkkiemme
pulkkaimme rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaamme
|
pulkkiamme
|
| inessive
|
pulkassamme
|
pulkissamme
|
| elative
|
pulkastamme
|
pulkistamme
|
| illative
|
pulkkaamme
|
pulkkiimme
|
| adessive
|
pulkallamme
|
pulkillamme
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltamme
|
pulkiltamme
|
| allative
|
pulkallemme
|
pulkillemme
|
| essive
|
pulkkanamme
|
pulkkinamme
|
| translative
|
pulkaksemme
|
pulkiksemme
|
| abessive
|
pulkattamme
|
pulkittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkanne
|
pulkkanne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkanne
|
pulkkanne
|
| gen.
|
pulkkanne
|
| genitive
|
pulkkanne
|
pulkkienne
pulkkainne rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaanne
|
pulkkianne
|
| inessive
|
pulkassanne
|
pulkissanne
|
| elative
|
pulkastanne
|
pulkistanne
|
| illative
|
pulkkaanne
|
pulkkiinne
|
| adessive
|
pulkallanne
|
pulkillanne
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltanne
|
pulkiltanne
|
| allative
|
pulkallenne
|
pulkillenne
|
| essive
|
pulkkananne
|
pulkkinanne
|
| translative
|
pulkaksenne
|
pulkiksenne
|
| abessive
|
pulkattanne
|
pulkittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkkansa
|
pulkkansa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
pulkkansa
|
pulkkansa
|
| gen.
|
pulkkansa
|
| genitive
|
pulkkansa
|
pulkkiensa
pulkkainsa rare
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaansa
|
pulkkiaan
pulkkiansa
|
| inessive
|
pulkassaan
pulkassansa
|
pulkissaan
pulkissansa
|
| elative
|
pulkastaan
pulkastansa
|
pulkistaan
pulkistansa
|
| illative
|
pulkkaansa
|
pulkkiinsa
|
| adessive
|
pulkallaan
pulkallansa
|
pulkillaan
pulkillansa
|
| ablative
|
pulkaltaan
pulkaltansa
|
pulkiltaan
pulkiltansa
|
| allative
|
pulkalleen
pulkallensa
|
pulkilleen
pulkillensa
|
| essive
|
pulkkanaan
pulkkanansa
|
pulkkinaan
pulkkinansa
|
| translative
|
pulkakseen
pulkaksensa
|
pulkikseen
pulkiksensa
|
| abessive
|
pulkattaan
pulkattansa
|
pulkittaan
pulkittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
pulkkineen
pulkkinensa
|
|
Derived terms
Further reading
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *pulkka. Cognates include Finnish pulkka and Estonian pulk.
Pronunciation
Noun
pulkka
- wooden pin
Declension
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
pulkka
|
pulkat
|
| genitive
|
pulkan
|
pulkkiin
|
| partitive
|
pulkkaa
|
pulkkia
|
| illative
|
pulkkaa
|
pulkkii
|
| inessive
|
pulkaas
|
pulkiis
|
| elative
|
pulkast
|
pulkist
|
| allative
|
pulkalle
|
pulkille
|
| adessive
|
pulkaal
|
pulkiil
|
| ablative
|
pulkalt
|
pulkilt
|
| translative
|
pulkaks
|
pulkiks
|
| essive
|
pulkkanna, pulkkaan
|
pulkkinna, pulkkiin
|
| exessive1)
|
pulkkant
|
pulkkint
|
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
|
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 436