podstawa

See also: podstawą

Old Polish

Etymology

    Deverbal from podstawić. First attested in the 14th century. Compare Old Czech podstava.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /pɔdstava/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /pɔdstava/

    Noun

    podstawa f

    1. substance, essence (set of features, what is essential and unchangeable in a subject)
      • 1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 87:
        Podstawa intersticium
        [Podstawa intersticium]
    adjectives
    • podstawny
    nouns
    • podstawek
    verbs

    Descendants

    • Polish: podstawa
    • Silesian: podstawa

    References

    • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “podstawa”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “podstawa”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

    Polish

    Etymology

      Inherited from Old Polish podstawa. By surface analysis, deverbal from podstawić. Compare Kashubian pòdstawa and Russian подста́ва (podstáva).

      Pronunciation

       
      • IPA(key): /pɔtˈsta.va/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ava
      • Syllabification: pod‧sta‧wa

      Noun

      podstawa f (related adjective podstawowy)

      1. base (that upon which something stands)
      2. (anatomy) base (lower part of a set of bones that make up a specific part of the skeleton)
        Synonyms: baza, fundament, podbudowa
      3. (geometry) base (lowest side of a triangle or other polygon)
      4. (geometry) base (lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat)
      5. base (element without which something can't exist)
      6. base (that which may be the beginning, cause or justification of something) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’], [with żeby (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘to do what’]
      7. (economics) base (specific amount that is the starting point for some financial calculations)
      8. (in the plural) basics (elementary knowledge in something)
        Synonyms: abc, abecadło, alfabet, elementarz
      9. (in the plural) basics (assumptions that give rise to some theory, science, concept)
        Synonym: podwaliny
      10. (Middle Polish) base (that which one may place one's legs)

      Declension

      Derived terms

      adjectives
      • podstawny
      adverbs
      adjectives

      Trivia

      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), podstawa is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 52 times in scientific texts, 19 times in news, 61 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 4 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 142 times, making it the 418th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

      References

      1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “podstawa”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 387

      Further reading