niger
English
Etymology
From the name of the Niger River, from Latin Nigris. See further etymology at Niger.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnaɪd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
Noun
niger (uncountable)
- An Ethiopian herb, Guizotia abyssinica, grown for its seed and edible oil.
References
- “Niger, n.2.”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2003.
Anagrams
Latin
Alternative forms
Etymology
Uncertain origin,[1] but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“bare, naked”) if this root is assumed also to be the source of *nókʷts (“night”) (Latin nox), thus “black” would attest the intermediate meaning between “bare” and “night”.[2] Possibly cognate with Umbrian niru (“(possibly) dark, black”),[3] though this form (thought to be accusative singular) is not mentioned in De Vaan.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈnɪ.ɡɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈniː.d͡ʒer]
Adjective
niger (feminine nigra, neuter nigrum, superlative nigerrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)
- wan, shining black (as opposed to āter, dull black)
- Nigrum in candida vertere.
- To turn black into white.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:niger.
- bad; evil; ill-omened
Usage notes
- Widely used as a specific epithet.
Declension
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | niger | nigra | nigrum | nigrī | nigrae | nigra | |
| genitive | nigrī | nigrae | nigrī | nigrōrum | nigrārum | nigrōrum | |
| dative | nigrō | nigrae | nigrō | nigrīs | |||
| accusative | nigrum | nigram | nigrum | nigrōs | nigrās | nigra | |
| ablative | nigrō | nigrā | nigrō | nigrīs | |||
| vocative | niger | nigra | nigrum | nigrī | nigrae | nigra | |
Synonyms
- (black): fuscus
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “shining white”): candidus
Derived terms
Descendants
- Balkano-Romance:
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Gallo-Italic:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
See also
| albus, candidus, cānus, marmoreus (poetic), eburneus (poetic), niveus (poetic), argenteus (poetic), lacteus (poetic) | rāvus, pullus, mūrīnus (of livestock) | niger, āter, furvus, fuscus ("swarthy"), piceus (poetic) |
| ruber, russus, rūbidus (dark), flammeus (poetic); rutilus, pūniceus, spādīx (poetic), sanguineus (poetic) | rūfus, rutilus, rōbus (of oxen), croceus (poetic), aureus (poetic); fulvus (poetic), niger (of eyes), badius (of horses) | lūteus, flāvus ("blond"), lūridus, gilvus (of horses), helvus (of cattle); cēreus (poetic) |
| viridis, flāvus (poetic) | viridis, herbeus (of eyes), fulvus (poetic) | viridis, glaucus (poetic), caeruleus (poetic, only dark) |
| glaucus (poetic), caeruleus, caesius (of eyes) | caeruleus, līvidus, ferrūgineus (poetic), glaucus (poetic) | |
| violāceus | purpureus (underlying shade) | roseus |
References
- Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–), “*/ˈnɪɡr-u/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Watkins, Calvert (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd edition, Houghton Mifflin Co.
- ^ Planta, Robert (2011), Grammatik der Oskisch-Umbrischen Dialekts (in German)
Further reading
- “niger”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “niger”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “niger”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “niger”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “niger”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nîɡer/
- Hyphenation: ni‧ger
Noun
nȉger m inan (Cyrillic spelling ни̏гер)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | niger | nigeri |
| genitive | nigera | nigera |
| dative | nigeru | nigerima |
| accusative | niger | nigere |
| vocative | nigere | nigeri |
| locative | nigeru | nigerima |
| instrumental | nigerem | nigerima |
References
- “niger”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
Swedish
Verb
niger
- present of niga