minuo

Latin

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Italic *minuō, from *mi-néw-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small, little”).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit मीनाति (minā́ti, “to lessen, diminish, damage”) (also मिनोति (minóti)), Ancient Greek μινύθω (minúthō, “to lessen; to disappear”), Cornish minow (“to reduce”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (mins, “less”), Old Church Slavonic мьнйии (mĭnjii, “smaller, lesser, younger”), Tocharian B maiwe (“small, young”).[2] Related to minor.

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    minuō (present infinitive minuere, perfect active minuī, supine minūtum); third conjugation

    1. to make smaller, lessen, diminish, reduce, minimize
      Synonyms: diminuō, dēminuō, imminuō, tenuō, premō, corripiō
      Antonyms: augeō, amplificō, extendō, accumulō, cumulō, multiplicō
    2. to attenuate, appease, suppress, repress, quell
      Synonym: coërceo
    3. to dismember, tear apart, break
      Synonyms: findo, rumpo
    4. to restrict, confine, limit
      Synonyms: fīniō, līmitō, delīmitō, claudō, urgeō, moderor, inclūdō
      animos minuere ― to restrict the wrath
    5. to remove, subtract, detract
    6. to reduce the importance
    7. to undermine, weaken, debilitate, soften
      Synonyms: atterō, dēterō, frangō, effēminō, tenuō, cōnsūmō, afficiō
      Antonyms: firmō, cōnfirmō, mūniō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, sistō
    8. to eliminate, delete, remove
    9. (poetic) to cease, stop, give up
    Conjugation
       Conjugation of minuō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present minuō minuis minuit minuimus minuitis minuunt
    imperfect minuēbam minuēbās minuēbat minuēbāmus minuēbātis minuēbant
    future minuam minuēs minuet minuēmus minuētis minuent
    perfect minuī minuistī minuit minuimus minuistis minuērunt,
    minuēre
    pluperfect minueram minuerās minuerat minuerāmus minuerātis minuerant
    future perfect minuerō minueris minuerit minuerimus minueritis minuerint
    passive present minuor minueris,
    minuere     		minuitur minuimur minuiminī minuuntur
    imperfect minuēbar minuēbāris,
    minuēbāre     		minuēbātur minuēbāmur minuēbāminī minuēbantur
    future minuar minuēris,
    minuēre     		minuētur minuēmur minuēminī minuentur
    perfect minūtus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect minūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect minūtus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present minuam minuās minuat minuāmus minuātis minuant
    imperfect minuerem minuerēs minueret minuerēmus minuerētis minuerent
    perfect minuerim minuerīs minuerit minuerīmus minuerītis minuerint
    pluperfect minuissem minuissēs minuisset minuissēmus minuissētis minuissent
    passive present minuar minuāris,
    minuāre     		minuātur minuāmur minuāminī minuantur
    imperfect minuerer minuerēris,
    minuerēre     		minuerētur minuerēmur minuerēminī minuerentur
    perfect minūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect minūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — minue — — minuite —
    future — minuitō minuitō — minuitōte minuuntō
    passive present — minuere — — minuiminī —
    future — minuitor minuitor — — minuuntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present minuere minuī minuēns —
    future minūtūrum esse minūtum īrī minūtūrus minuendus
    perfect minuisse minūtum esse — minūtus
    future perfect — minūtum fore — —
    perfect potential minūtūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    minuendī minuendō minuendum minuendō minūtum minūtū
    Descendants

    (See also etymology 2.)

    • ⇒? Vulgar Latin: *minuus (adjective, noun)
      • Italo-Romance:

    Borrowings:

    • → French: minuer
    • → Interlingua: minuer
    • → Italian: minuire
    • → Portuguese: minuir
    • → Spanish: minuir

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 139
    2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “minor, -or, -us”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 381–382

    Further reading

    • “minuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • minuo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
    • “minuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “minuo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to increase a person's dignity: auctoritatem alicuius amplificare (opp. imminuere, minuere)
      • to weaken, diminish a person's hope: spem alicui or alicuius minuere
      • to retrench: sumptum minuere

    Etymology 2

    Reassignment of etymology 1 to the first conjugation. Attested from the fourth century CE.[1]

    Verb

    minuō (present infinitive minuāre, perfect active minuāvī, supine minuātum); first conjugation (Late Latin)

    1. alternative form of minuō
    Conjugation
       Conjugation of minuō (first conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present minuō minuās minuat minuāmus minuātis minuant
    imperfect minuābam minuābās minuābat minuābāmus minuābātis minuābant
    future minuābō minuābis minuābit minuābimus minuābitis minuābunt
    perfect minuāvī minuāvistī minuāvit minuāvimus minuāvistis minuāvērunt,
    minuāvēre
    pluperfect minuāveram minuāverās minuāverat minuāverāmus minuāverātis minuāverant
    future perfect minuāverō minuāveris minuāverit minuāverimus minuāveritis minuāverint
    passive present minuor minuāris,
    minuāre     		minuātur minuāmur minuāminī minuantur
    imperfect minuābar minuābāris,
    minuābāre     		minuābātur minuābāmur minuābāminī minuābantur
    future minuābor minuāberis,
    minuābere     		minuābitur minuābimur minuābiminī minuābuntur
    perfect minuātus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect minuātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect minuātus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present minuem minuēs minuet minuēmus minuētis minuent
    imperfect minuārem minuārēs minuāret minuārēmus minuārētis minuārent
    perfect minuāverim minuāverīs minuāverit minuāverīmus minuāverītis minuāverint
    pluperfect minuāvissem minuāvissēs minuāvisset minuāvissēmus minuāvissētis minuāvissent
    passive present minuer minuēris,
    minuēre     		minuētur minuēmur minuēminī minuentur
    imperfect minuārer minuārēris,
    minuārēre     		minuārētur minuārēmur minuārēminī minuārentur
    perfect minuātus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect minuātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — minuā — — minuāte —
    future — minuātō minuātō — minuātōte minuantō
    passive present — minuāre — — minuāminī —
    future — minuātor minuātor — — minuantor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present minuāre minuārī minuāns —
    future minuātūrum esse minuātum īrī minuātūrus minuandus
    perfect minuāvisse minuātum esse — minuātus
    future perfect — minuātum fore — —
    perfect potential minuātūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    minuandī minuandō minuandum minuandō minuātum minuātū
    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “mĭnuĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 6/2: Mercatio–Mneme, page 126

    Serbo-Croatian

    Participle

    minuo (Cyrillic spelling минуо)

    1. active past participle of minuti
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