Swahili
Verb
-likiza (infinitive kulikiza)
- to wean (of a baby)
- (dated) to give leave, let go, dismiss
Usage notes
- Nowadays, the verb is only used in the sense of "to wean a child". Historically, there was a broader meaning of to "give leave (respite, relief, holiday)".[1] This is the origin of the derived noun likizo (“holiday, leave”).
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -likiza
|
| Positive present
|
-nalikiza
|
| Subjunctive
|
-likize
|
| Negative
|
-likizi
|
| Imperative singular
|
likiza
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
likiza
|
| Plural
|
likizeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hulikiza
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lilikiza
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kulikiza
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalikiza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninalikiza/nalikiza
|
tunalikiza
|
| 2nd person
|
unalikiza
|
mnalikiza
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
analikiza
|
wanalikiza
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nalikiza
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -likizi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
silikizi
|
hatulikizi
|
| 2nd person
|
hulikizi
|
hamlikizi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
halikizi
|
hawalikizi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -likizi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -talikiza
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -talikiza
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -likize)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nilikize
|
tulikize
|
| 2nd person
|
ulikize
|
mlikize
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alikize
|
walikize
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -likize
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -silikize
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngelikiza
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singelikiza
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalilikiza
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalilikiza
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alikiza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nalikiza
|
twalikiza
|
| 2nd person
|
walikiza
|
mwalikiza
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alikiza
|
walikiza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
walikiza
|
yalikiza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lalikiza
|
yalikiza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chalikiza
|
vyalikiza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yalikiza
|
zalikiza
|
| u(XI)
|
walikiza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwalikiza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
palikiza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwalikiza
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -melikiza
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshalikiza
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jalikiza
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kilikiza
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipolikiza
|
| Consecutive
|
kalikiza / positive subject concord + -kalikiza
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kalikize
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nilikiza
|
-tulikiza
|
| 2nd person
|
-kulikiza
|
-walikiza/-kulikizeni/-walikizeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mlikiza
|
-walikiza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ulikiza
|
-ilikiza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lilikiza
|
-yalikiza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kilikiza
|
-vilikiza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ilikiza
|
-zilikiza
|
| u(XI)
|
-ulikiza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kulikiza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-palikiza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mulikiza
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jilikiza
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -likiza- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-likizaye
|
-likizao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-likizao
|
-likizayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likizalo
|
-likizayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-likizacho
|
-likizavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-likizayo
|
-likizazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-likizao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-likizako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-likizapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-likizamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -likiza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yelikiza
|
-olikiza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-olikiza
|
-yolikiza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lolikiza
|
-yolikiza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-cholikiza
|
-vyolikiza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yolikiza
|
-zolikiza
|
| u(XI)
|
-olikiza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kolikiza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-polikiza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-molikiza
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- Nominal derivations:
- likizo (“holiday, vacation, leave; festival”)
References
- ^ Johnson, Frederick (1939), A Standard Swahili-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 245