kultura

See also: kultūra, kultūrā, kultūrą, and kultúra

Basque

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cultura.

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Noun

kultura inan

  1. culture
    euskal kultura ― Basque culture
  2. refinement, culture

Czech

Etymology

Derived from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”),[1] from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, worship”) (related to colōnus and colōnia), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkultura]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

kultura f

  1. arts
  2. culture (arts, customs and habits)
  3. (microbiology) culture

Declension

Declension of kultura (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative kultura kultury
genitive kultury kultur
dative kultuře kulturám
accusative kulturu kultury
vocative kulturo kultury
locative kultuře kulturách
instrumental kulturou kulturami

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2007), “kultura”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

Further reading

Esperanto

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kulˈtura/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ura
  • Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra

Adjective

kultura (accusative singular kulturan, plural kulturaj, accusative plural kulturajn)

  1. cultural (relating to culture)
  2. cultured (civilized, refined)

Ladino

Alternative forms

Etymology

Derived from Latin cultūra (“culture”) (compare Spanish cultura), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“I till, cultivate”).

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Spain):(file)

Noun

kultura f (Hebrew spelling קולטורה)[1]

  1. culture
    kultura djudia ― Jewish culture

References

  1. ^ “kultura”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola [Treasury of the Judeo-Spanish Language] (in Ladino, Hebrew, and English), Instituto Maale Adumim

Maltese

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian cultura.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kulˈtuː.ra/
  • Rhymes: -uːra

Noun

kultura f (plural kulturi)

  1. culture
    il-kultura Maltija ― Maltese culture

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *kʷelō
Latin colō
Proto-Indo-European *-tew-?
Proto-Indo-European *-r-eh₂?
Latin -tūra
Latin cultūrader.
Polish kultura

    Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Kultur or French culture, ultimately from Latin cultūra.[1][2][3][4] First attested in 1732.[5]

    Pronunciation

     
    • IPA(key): /kulˈtu.ra/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ura
    • Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra

    Noun

    kultura f (diminutive kulturka, related adjective kulturowy, abbreviation kult.)

    1. (countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)
    2. (countable) culture (the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life)
    3. (uncountable) skill level (level of knowledge or ability in a given field)
    4. (uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)
      Synonyms: obycie, ogłada, okrzesanie
    5. (countable, microbiology) culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)
    6. (countable, botany, agriculture) culture (cultivation)
    7. (countable, agriculture) crops grown on a large field
    8. (agriculture) culture (structure of arable soil achieved as a result of agrotechnical treatments and rational management; also: these treatments and farming)

    Declension

    Declension of kultura
    singular plural
    nominative kultura kultury
    genitive kultury kultur
    dative kulturze kulturom
    accusative kulturę kultury
    instrumental kulturą kulturami
    locative kulturze kulturach
    vocative kulturo kultury

    Derived terms

    adjective
    nouns
    adjective
    adverb
    • kulturowo
    nouns

    Descendants

    • Kashubian: kùltura
    • Silesian: kultura

    Trivia

    According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), kultura is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 24 times in scientific texts, 55 times in news, 130 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 9 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 224 times, making it the 246th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[6]

    References

    1. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “kultura”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    2. ^ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “kultura”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
    3. ^ Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021), “kultura”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
    4. ^ Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (2003), “kultura”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language]‎[1] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, →OCLC
    5. ^ Franciszek Gościecki (1732), Jadwiga Sokołowska, Kazimiera Żukowska, editors, Poeci polskiego Baroku (in Polish), volume 2, published 1965, POSELSTWO WIELKIE JAŚNIE WIELMOŻNEGO STANISŁAWA CHOMENTOWSKIEGO WOJEWODY MAZOWIECKIEGO OD NAJAŚNIEJSZEGO AUGUSTA II, KRÓLA POLSKIEGO, KSIĄŻĘCIA SASKIEGO..., page 461: “Większą pilność mają Grecy i cudzoziemcy, którzy tu mieszkają, Koło tego, albowiem jeden nad drugiego Przesadza się w kulturze wirydarza swego.”
    6. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “kultura”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 208

    Further reading

    Serbo-Croatian

    Etymology

    From Latin cultūra.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /kultǔːra/
    • Hyphenation: kul‧tu‧ra

    Noun

    kultúra f (Cyrillic spelling култу́ра)

    1. culture
    2. manners
    3. civility

    Declension

    Declension of kultura
    singular plural
    nominative kultura kulture
    genitive kulture kultura
    dative kulturi kulturama
    accusative kulturu kulture
    vocative kulturo kulture
    locative kulturi kulturama
    instrumental kulturom kulturama

    References

    • “kultura”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

    Silesian

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Polish kultura.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /kulˈtu.ra/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ura
    • Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra

    Noun

    kultura f

    1. (countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)
    2. (uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)

    Declension

    Declension of kultura
    singular plural
    nominative kultura kultury
    genitive kultury kultur
    dative kulturze kultury
    accusative kulturã kulturōm
    instrumental kulturōm kulturami/kulturōma
    locative kulturze kulturach
    vocative kulturo kultury

    Derived terms

    nouns
    adjective
    • kulturologiczny
    adverb
    • kulturologicznie
    noun
    • kulturalizm

    Further reading

    Tagalog

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Spanish cultura (“culture”).

    Pronunciation

    • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kulˈtuɾa/ [kʊlˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]
    • Rhymes: -uɾa
    • Syllabification: kul‧tu‧ra

    Noun

    kultura (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

    1. culture
      Synonym: kalinangan
    2. civilization
      Synonyms: kabihasnan, sibilisasyon

    See also

    References

    • “kultura”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
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