Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic كَذَبَ (kaḏaba).
Verb
-kadhibu (infinitive kukadhibu)
- to lie, deceive, cheat
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kadhibu
|
| Positive present
|
-nakadhibu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kadhibu
|
| Negative
|
-kadhibu
|
| Imperative singular
|
kadhibu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kadhibu
|
| Plural
|
kadhibuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukadhibu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likadhibu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukadhibu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakadhibu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakadhibu/nakadhibu
|
tunakadhibu
|
| 2nd person
|
unakadhibu
|
mnakadhibu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakadhibu
|
wanakadhibu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakadhibu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kadhibu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikadhibu
|
hatukadhibu
|
| 2nd person
|
hukadhibu
|
hamkadhibu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakadhibu
|
hawakadhibu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kadhibu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takadhibu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takadhibu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kadhibu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikadhibu
|
tukadhibu
|
| 2nd person
|
ukadhibu
|
mkadhibu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akadhibu
|
wakadhibu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kadhibu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikadhibu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekadhibu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekadhibu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikadhibu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikadhibu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akadhibu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakadhibu
|
twakadhibu
|
| 2nd person
|
wakadhibu
|
mwakadhibu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akadhibu
|
wakadhibu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakadhibu
|
yakadhibu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakadhibu
|
yakadhibu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakadhibu
|
vyakadhibu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakadhibu
|
zakadhibu
|
| u(XI)
|
wakadhibu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakadhibu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakadhibu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakadhibu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekadhibu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakadhibu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakadhibu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikadhibu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokadhibu
|
| Consecutive
|
kakadhibu / positive subject concord + -kakadhibu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakadhibu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikadhibu
|
-tukadhibu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukadhibu
|
-wakadhibu/-kukadhibuni/-wakadhibuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkadhibu
|
-wakadhibu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukadhibu
|
-ikadhibu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likadhibu
|
-yakadhibu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikadhibu
|
-vikadhibu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikadhibu
|
-zikadhibu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukadhibu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukadhibu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakadhibu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukadhibu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikadhibu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kadhibu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kadhibuye
|
-kadhibuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kadhibuo
|
-kadhibuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kadhibulo
|
-kadhibuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kadhibucho
|
-kadhibuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kadhibuyo
|
-kadhibuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kadhibuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kadhibuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kadhibupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kadhibumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kadhibu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekadhibu
|
-okadhibu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okadhibu
|
-yokadhibu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokadhibu
|
-yokadhibu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokadhibu
|
-vyokadhibu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokadhibu
|
-zokadhibu
|
| u(XI)
|
-okadhibu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokadhibu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokadhibu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokadhibu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms