Swahili
Etymology
From jumla (“sum, total”) + -isha (causative affix).
Verb
-jumlisha (infinitive kujumlisha)
- Causative form of jumla: to add, add up
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -jumlisha
|
| Positive present
|
-najumlisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-jumlishe
|
| Negative
|
-jumlishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
jumlisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
jumlisha
|
| Plural
|
jumlisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hujumlisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lijumlisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kujumlisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -najumlisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninajumlisha/najumlisha
|
tunajumlisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unajumlisha
|
mnajumlisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anajumlisha
|
wanajumlisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -najumlisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -jumlishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sijumlishi
|
hatujumlishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hujumlishi
|
hamjumlishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hajumlishi
|
hawajumlishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -jumlishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tajumlisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tajumlisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -jumlishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nijumlishe
|
tujumlishe
|
| 2nd person
|
ujumlishe
|
mjumlishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajumlishe
|
wajumlishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -jumlishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sijumlishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngejumlisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singejumlisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalijumlisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalijumlisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ajumlisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
najumlisha
|
twajumlisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wajumlisha
|
mwajumlisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajumlisha
|
wajumlisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wajumlisha
|
yajumlisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lajumlisha
|
yajumlisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chajumlisha
|
vyajumlisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yajumlisha
|
zajumlisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wajumlisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwajumlisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pajumlisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwajumlisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mejumlisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshajumlisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jajumlisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kijumlisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipojumlisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kajumlisha / positive subject concord + -kajumlisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kajumlishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nijumlisha
|
-tujumlisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kujumlisha
|
-wajumlisha/-kujumlisheni/-wajumlisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mjumlisha
|
-wajumlisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ujumlisha
|
-ijumlisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lijumlisha
|
-yajumlisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kijumlisha
|
-vijumlisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ijumlisha
|
-zijumlisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ujumlisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kujumlisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pajumlisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mujumlisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jijumlisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -jumlisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-jumlishaye
|
-jumlishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-jumlishao
|
-jumlishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-jumlishalo
|
-jumlishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-jumlishacho
|
-jumlishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-jumlishayo
|
-jumlishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-jumlishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-jumlishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-jumlishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-jumlishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -jumlisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yejumlisha
|
-ojumlisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ojumlisha
|
-yojumlisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lojumlisha
|
-yojumlisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chojumlisha
|
-vyojumlisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yojumlisha
|
-zojumlisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ojumlisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kojumlisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pojumlisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mojumlisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms