Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Portuguese arriar (“to lower”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
Verb
-heria (infinitive kuheria)
- (nautical) to drop anchor, cast anchor
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -heria
|
| Positive present
|
-naheria
|
| Subjunctive
|
-herie
|
| Negative
|
-herii
|
| Imperative singular
|
heria
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuheria
|
| Negative
|
kutoheria
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
heria
|
| Plural
|
herieni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huheria
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liheria
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuheria
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naheria)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaheria/naheria
|
tunaheria
|
| 2nd person
|
unaheria
|
mnaheria
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaheria
|
wanaheria
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naheria
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -herii)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siherii
|
hatuherii
|
| 2nd person
|
huherii
|
hamherii
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haherii
|
hawaherii
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -herii
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taheria
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taheria
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -herie)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niherie
|
tuherie
|
| 2nd person
|
uherie
|
mherie
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aherie
|
waherie
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -herie
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siherie
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeheria
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeheria
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliheria
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliheria
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aheria)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naheria
|
twaheria
|
| 2nd person
|
waheria
|
mwaheria
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aheria
|
waheria
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waheria
|
yaheria
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laheria
|
yaheria
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaheria
|
vyaheria
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaheria
|
zaheria
|
| u(XI)
|
waheria
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaheria
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paheria
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaheria
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meheria
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaheria
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaheria
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiheria
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoheria
|
| Consecutive
|
kaheria / positive subject concord + -kaheria
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaherie
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niheria
|
-tuheria
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuheria
|
-waheria/-kuherieni/-waherieni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mheria
|
-waheria
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uheria
|
-iheria
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liheria
|
-yaheria
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiheria
|
-viheria
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iheria
|
-ziheria
|
| u(XI)
|
-uheria
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuheria
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paheria
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muheria
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiheria
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -heria- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-heriaye
|
-heriao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-heriao
|
-heriayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-herialo
|
-heriayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-heriacho
|
-heriavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-heriayo
|
-heriazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-heriao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-heriako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-heriapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-heriamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -heria)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeheria
|
-oheria
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oheria
|
-yoheria
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loheria
|
-yoheria
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choheria
|
-vyoheria
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoheria
|
-zoheria
|
| u(XI)
|
-oheria
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koheria
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poheria
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moheria
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Interjection
heria!
- make way
- Synonyms: habedari, simile
References
- ^ Johnson, Frederick (1939), A Standard Swahili-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 132
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (16 October 2023), Dictionary of Portuguese Loanwords in the Languages of Sub-Saharan Africa (Brill's Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture; 40), Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 108 Nr. 101