gradior

Latin

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Old Irish do·gré, Old Welsh grynnyaw (“to press, thrust”). The traditional connection of Proto-Slavic *gręsti (“to go”) (Old Church Slavonic грѧсти (gręsti, “to come, walk, go”)), Lithuanian gri̇̀dyti (“to go, wander”), and Proto-Germanic *gridiz (“step”) (Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs)), Old High German crit) is contested, as the Germanic and Balto-Slavic forms, as well as Old Irish ad·greinn (“to track, follow”), seem to trace back to a different root, Proto-Indo-European *gʰreydʰ-, instead.[1]

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    gradior (present infinitive gradī, perfect active gressus sum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent

    1. to step, walk, stride
      Synonyms: vādō, ambulō, deambulō, cammīnō, adeō, obeō, pergō, baetō, eō, cēdō, īnferō
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.147:
        [...] ipse iugīs Cynthī graditur, [...].
        [Apollo] himself strides upon the ridges of Cynthus, [...].
    2. (Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin, figuratively) to "walk" as in to act or behave, to join with
      • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.13.20:
        Quī cum sapientibus graditur, sapiēns erit: amīcus stultōrum efficiētur similis.
        He that walketh with the wise, shall be wise: a friend of fools shall become like to them. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
    3. to advance, proceed, go, move
      Synonyms: adorior, prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, adeō, incēdō, subeō, aggredior, īnferō, succēdō, prōficiō
      Antonyms: discēdō, dīgredior, facessō, excēdō, dēficiō, dēgredior, dēcēdō

    Conjugation

       Conjugation of gradior (third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present gradior graderis,
    gradere     		graditur gradimur gradiminī gradiuntur
    imperfect gradiēbar gradiēbāris,
    gradiēbāre     		gradiēbātur gradiēbāmur gradiēbāminī gradiēbantur
    future gradiar gradiēris,
    gradiēre     		gradiētur gradiēmur gradiēminī gradientur
    perfect gressus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect gressus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect gressus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present gradiar gradiāris,
    gradiāre     		gradiātur gradiāmur gradiāminī gradiantur
    imperfect graderer graderēris,
    graderēre     		graderētur graderēmur graderēminī graderentur
    perfect gressus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect gressus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — gradere — — gradiminī —
    future — graditor graditor — — gradiuntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present gradī — gradiēns —
    future gressūrum esse — gressūrus gradiendus,
    gradiundus
    perfect gressum esse — gressus —
    future perfect gressum fore — — —
    perfect potential gressūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    gradiendī gradiendō gradiendum gradiendō gressum gressū

    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “gradior, gradī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 268-9

    Further reading

    • “gradior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “gradior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “gradior”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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