faveo

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain.

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”) or Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine, to glow light”) via a stative *bʰh₂weh₁yeti (“to be favorable to”)^[1] (> *fawēō or a causative *bʰowh₂eyeti^[2] (> *faweō).
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰew- (cognate with Proto-Slavic *gověti),^[3] via either a causative *gʷʰow-éye-ti > *faweō^[2]^[1] or a stative *gʷʰow-éh₁-yeti^[4] > *fawēō. (Kroonen derives the Slavic forms from the stative formation.^[5]) De Vaan considers the semantic connection with the root *gʷʰew- (“to worship, heed”) not compelling.^[1] This root has alternatively been reconstructed as *gʰew-,^[6] but Schrijver argues that the change of *gʰow- to Latin fav- would be ad hoc^[2] (compare *gʰóstis > hostis).

A change of heterosyllabic *-ow- to *-aw-, called Thurneysen-Havet's Law, is postulated to have applied regularly in Proto-Italic to syllables that had no PIE accent; compare caveō.^[7]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfa.we.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfaː.ve.o]

Verb

faveō (present infinitive favēre, perfect active fāvī, supine fautum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive

to be favorable, to be well disposed or inclined towards, to favor, promote, befriend, countenance, protect
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.249–250:
  Vesta, favē! tibi nunc operāta resolvimus ōra,
  ad tua sī nōbīs sacra venīre licet.
  Vesta, be favorable! Devoted to you, we now unbind our lips; [that is], if we are permitted to come to your sacrifices.
  (See Vesta (mythology); Vestalia.)
(with dative) to favor
- 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales:
  Rōmānīs Iūnō coepit plācāta favēre
  Placated, Juno started to favour the Romans
(with dative) to countenance, applaud, support, encourage, indulge
Synonym: foveō

Conjugation

Conjugation of faveō (second conjugation, impersonal in the passive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	faveō	favēs		favet	favēmus	favētis		favent
	imperfect	favēbam	favēbās		favēbat	favēbāmus	favēbātis		favēbant
	future	favēbō	favēbis		favēbit	favēbimus	favēbitis		favēbunt
	perfect	fāvī	fāvistī, fāstī¹		fāvit, fāt¹	fāvimus, fāmus¹	fāvistis, fāstis¹		fāvērunt, fārunt, fāvēre¹
	pluperfect	fāveram, fāram¹	fāverās, fārās¹		fāverat, fārat¹	fāverāmus, fārāmus¹	fāverātis, fārātis¹		fāverant, fārant¹
	future perfect	fāverō, fārō¹	fāveris, fāris¹		fāverit, fārit¹	fāverimus, fārimus¹	fāveritis, fāritis¹		fāverint, fārint¹
passive	present	—	—		favētur	—	—		—
	imperfect	—	—		favēbātur	—	—		—
	future	—	—		favēbitur	—	—		—
	perfect	—	—		fautum est	—	—		—
	pluperfect	—	—		fautum erat	—	—		—
	future perfect	—	—		fautum erit	—	—		—
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	faveam	faveās		faveat	faveāmus	faveātis		faveant
	imperfect	favērem	favērēs		favēret	favērēmus	favērētis		favērent
	perfect	fāverim, fārim¹	fāverīs, fārīs¹		fāverit, fārit¹	fāverīmus, fārīmus¹	fāverītis, fārītis¹		fāverint, fārint¹
	pluperfect	fāvissem, fāssem¹	fāvissēs, fāssēs¹		fāvisset, fāsset¹	fāvissēmus, fāssēmus¹	fāvissētis, fāssētis¹		fāvissent, fāssent¹
passive	present	—	—		faveātur	—	—		—
	imperfect	—	—		favērētur	—	—		—
	perfect	—	—		fautum sit	—	—		—
	pluperfect	—	—		fautum esset	—	—		—
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	favē		—	—	favēte		—
active	future	—	favētō		favētō	—	favētōte		faventō
passive	future	—	—		favētor	—	—		—
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		favēre		favērī		favēns		—
future		fautūrum esse		fautum īrī		fautūrus		favendum
perfect		fāvisse, fāsse¹		fautum esse		—		fautum
future perfect		—		fautum fore		—		—
perfect potential		fautūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		favendī	favendō		favendum	favendō	fautum		fautū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

? Faunus

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “faveō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206: “faveō may reflect *bʰh₂u̯-eh₁-”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 441-442:
There are three hypotheses about its etymology. faveo reflects *bhouH-eie- (thus e.g. Thurneysen op. cit.), which is a causative of *bhuH- 'to be'. [...] The third possibility is that faveō reflects *gʷhou- [...] favēre probably reflects *gʷhou-eie- and provides evidence for Thurneysen and Havet's law.
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gověti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 181
^ Meiser, Gerhard (2017–2018), “Chapter VIII: Italic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Italic, page 744: “Lat. faveō ‘I am propitious to’ < *gʷʰow-eh₁-yeti”
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 193-194: “OCS govéti ‘to revere’ < *gʷʰou-eh₁-”
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*ghou-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 418
^ Vine, Brent (2006), “On 'Thurneysen-Havet's Law' in Latin and Italic”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics, volume 119, →JSTOR, page 225