Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *gʷʰew-

    1. to honour, venerate, revere, worship
    2. to heed

    Alternative reconstructions

    Reconstruction notes

    • Old Norse gá (“to heed”) is traditionally derived from a stative verb from this root. However, Kroonen rejects this proposal due to phonological difficulties.[3]
    • The EIEC reconstructs the root with the meaning “to percieve, pay heed to.”[1] De Vaan provides a similar meaning “to worship, heed.”[4]

    It should not be confused with Proto-Indo-European roots meaning *ǵʰew- (“to pour”) or *ǵʰewH- (“to call, to invoke”), despite occasional semantic overlap in ritual settings.

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰew- (2 c, 0 e)
    • *gʷʰow-éh₁-yeti (éh₁-stative)[5][6]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawḗˀtei
        • Proto-Slavic: *gověti (“to revere, fast”)
      • Proto-Italic:
        • >? Latin: faveō (“to be favorable”, verb)[7] (or from *gʷʰow-éye-ti)[4]
    • *gʷʰow-ni-?[6]
      • Proto-Italic:
    • *gʷʰu-tós[5]
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *gudą (“god, deity”)
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Armenian:

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*ghou-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 418
    2. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 514: “*ghou- 'perceive, pay heed to'”
    3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ganhēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “faveō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 193-194: “Perhaps it is best to connect the word with OCS govéti ‘to revere’ < *gʷʰou-eh₁-, thus reconstructing Pre-Gm. *gʷʰu-tó-.”
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Meiser, Gerhard (2017–2018), “Chapter VIII: Italic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Italic, page 744: “Lat. faveō ‘I am propitious to’ < *gʷʰow-eh₁-ye/o-”
    7. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 441: “There are three hypotheses about its etymology. faveo reflects *bhouH-eie- (thus e.g. Thurneysen op. cit.), which is a causative of *bhuH- 'to be'. [...] The third possibility is that faveō reflects *gʷhou-”

    Further reading

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