cunctus

Latin

Alternative forms

  • cūntus

Etymology

Uncertain. Proposals include:

  • From concitus by syncope per Pokorny (1959), accepted by De Vaan (2008) with some reservations.[1][2] Ernout and Meillet (1985) reject this etymology, and also reject the ancient etymology from co(n)iūnctus.[3]
  • According to Sihler (1995), from Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-u- (“whole, entire”), which he reconstructs as the ancestor also of Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑 (/⁠pa-an-ku-uš⁠/, “whole, entire; senate”) and Hittite [script needed] (pa-an-kur, “family, relations”), as well as the middle part of Ancient Greek ἅπαξ (hápax, “singly”).[4] The Latin form would then show the same /p – kʷ > kʷ – kʷ/ assimilation as in quīnque. De Vaan rejects this etymology, saying that the Hittite term cannot be cognate with Latin cūnctus due to the genitive singular form 𒉺𒀭𒅗𒉿𒀸 (/⁠pa-an-ka-wa-aš⁠/), and that it is more likely related to Sanskrit बहु (bahu).
  • From Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-to- (“whole, entire”), from *pénkʷe (“whole hand; five (fingers)”). In this case cognate to Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca, “spread out”), Sanskrit प्रपञ्चन (prapañcana, “copiousness”).
  • Ancient etymologists explained it as a contraction of *cōiūnctus, making it a doublet of coniūnctus (“conjoined, connected”); this is today rejected.

Pronunciation

Adjective

cūnctus (feminine cūncta, neuter cūnctum); first/second-declension adjective

  1. collectively, all together; the whole, entire
    Synonyms: (in the plural) omnis, (in the singular) tōtus
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.518:
      cūnctīs nam lēctī nāvibus ībant
      for chosen men from all the ships went forth

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative cūnctus cūncta cūnctum cūnctī cūnctae cūncta
genitive cūnctī cūnctae cūnctī cūnctōrum cūnctārum cūnctōrum
dative cūnctō cūnctae cūnctō cūnctīs
accusative cūnctum cūnctam cūnctum cūnctōs cūnctās cūncta
ablative cūnctō cūnctā cūnctō cūnctīs
vocative cūncte cūncta cūnctum cūnctī cūnctae cūncta

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 538
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cunctus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
  3. ^ Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “cunctus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 157
  4. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 145, 300, 437

Further reading

  • “cunctus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “cunctus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "cunctus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “cunctus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be elected unanimousl: omnes centurias ferre or omnium suffragiis, cunctis centuriis creari
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