crith

See also: críth

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ, “barley corn, a small weight”).

Pronunciation

  • enPR: krĭth, IPA(key): /kɹɪθ/
  • Rhymes: -ɪθ

Noun

crith (plural criths)

  1. (physics) the weight of 1 litre of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. Equal to approximately 0.09 grams.

Derived terms

Anagrams

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish crith,[2] from Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”). Probably not related to croith (“to shake”), which generally refers to an intentional act.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /cɾʲi(h)/, /cɾʲiç/[3][4]
  • (Kerry) IPA(key): /cɾʲɨh/[5]

Noun

crith m (genitive singular creatha, nominative plural creathanna)

  2. a shake, quiver, tremble
  3. verbal noun of crith

Declension

Declension of crith (third declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative crith creathanna
vocative a chrith a chreathanna
genitive creatha creathanna
dative crith creathanna
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an crith na creathanna
genitive an chreatha na gcreathanna
dative leis an gcrith
don chrith 		leis na creathanna

Verb

crith (present analytic critheann, future analytic crithfidh, verbal noun crith, past participle crite)

  2. to shake, quiver, tremble

Conjugation

Conjugation of crith (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present crithim critheann tú;
crithir† 		critheann sé, sí crithimid; critheann muid critheann sibh critheann siad;
crithid† 		a chritheann; a chritheas critear
past chrith mé; chritheas chrith tú; chrithis chrith sé, sí chritheamar; chrith muid chrith sibh; chritheabhair chrith siad; chritheadar a chrith critheadh
past habitual chrithinn /
crithinn‡ 		chriteá /
criteᇠ		chritheadh sé, sí /
critheadh sé, sí‡ 		chrithimis; chritheadh muid /
crithimis‡; critheadh muid‡ 		chritheadh sibh /
critheadh sibh‡ 		chrithidís; chritheadh siad /
crithidís‡; critheadh siad‡ 		a chritheadh chrití /
crití‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future crithfidh mé;
crithfead 		crithfidh tú;
crithfir† 		crithfidh sé, sí crithfimid;
crithfidh muid 		crithfidh sibh crithfidh siad;
crithfid† 		a chrithfidh; a chrithfeas crithfear
conditional chrithfinn /
crithfinn‡ 		chrithfeá /
crithfeᇠ		chrithfeadh sé, sí /
crithfeadh sé, sí‡ 		chrithfimis; chrithfeadh muid /
crithfimis‡; crithfeadh muid‡ 		chrithfeadh sibh /
crithfeadh sibh‡ 		chrithfidís; chrithfeadh siad /
crithfidís‡; crithfeadh siad‡ 		a chrithfeadh chrithfí /
crithfí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go gcrithe mé;
go gcrithead† 		go gcrithe tú;
go gcrithir† 		go gcrithe sé, sí go gcrithimid;
go gcrithe muid 		go gcrithe sibh go gcrithe siad;
go gcrithid† 		— go gcritear
past dá gcrithinn dá gcriteá dá gcritheadh sé, sí dá gcrithimis;
dá gcritheadh muid 		dá gcritheadh sibh dá gcrithidís;
dá gcritheadh siad 		— dá gcrití
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— crithim crith critheadh sé, sí crithimis crithigí;
crithidh† 		crithidís — critear
past participle crite
verbal noun crith

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Mutation

Mutated forms of crith
radical lenition eclipsis
crith chrith gcrith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ “crith”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 176
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 345, page 118
  5. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 90, page 50

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”). Cognate to Welsh cryd (“fever”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʲɾʲiθ/

Noun

crith m (genitive unattested)

  1. shaking, trembling

Inflection

Unknown, but Matasović tentatively classifies this as an o-stem.[1] A u-stem declension with genitive cretha can be found in Middle Irish.

Derived terms

  • crethaid
    • Irish: creath
    • Manx: crie
  • crithnaigid
    • Irish: creathnaigh
    • Scottish Gaelic: criothnaich, crithnich
    • ⇒ Middle Irish: crithnaigthech

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of crith
radical lenition nasalization
crith chrith crith
pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*krito-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 225

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish crith, from Old Irish crith, from Proto-Celtic *kritos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʰɾʲih/

Verb

crith (past chrith, future crithidh, verbal noun crith, past participle crithte)

  1. shake, shiver, tremble, quaver

Noun

crith f (genitive singular crithe, plural crithean)

  1. verbal noun of crith
  2. shiver, tremble, shudder, tremor

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of crith
radical lenition
crith chrith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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