creathnaigh
Irish
Pronunciation
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈcɾʲahnˠi/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish crithnaigid (“to shake, tremble”), from crith (“shaking, trembling”).[1] Cognate with Scottish Gaelic criothnaich.
Alternative forms
- criothnaigh
- creathnuigh, criothnuigh (obsolete)[2]
Verb
creathnaigh (present analytic creathnaíonn, future analytic creathnóidh, verbal noun creathnú, past participle creathnaithe) (intransitive)
Conjugation
| indicative | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present | creathnaím | creathnaíonn tú; creathnaír† |
creathnaíonn sé, sí | creathnaímid; creathnaíonn muid |
creathnaíonn sibh | creathnaíonn siad; creathnaíd† |
a chreathnaíonn; a chreathnaíos | creathnaítear |
| past | chreathnaigh mé; chreathnaíos | chreathnaigh tú; chreathnaís | chreathnaigh sé, sí | chreathnaíomar; chreathnaigh muid | chreathnaigh sibh; chreathnaíobhair | chreathnaigh siad; chreathnaíodar | a chreathnaigh | creathnaíodh |
| past habitual | chreathnaínn / creathnaínn‡ |
chreathnaíteá / creathnaíteᇠ|
chreathnaíodh sé, sí / creathnaíodh sé, sí‡ |
chreathnaímis; chreathnaíodh muid / creathnaímis‡; creathnaíodh muid‡ |
chreathnaíodh sibh / creathnaíodh sibh‡ |
chreathnaídís; chreathnaíodh / creathnaídís‡; creathnaíodh siad‡ |
a chreathnaíodh | chreathnaítí / creathnaítí‡ |
| singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| future | creathnóidh mé; creathnód; creathnóchaidh mé† |
creathnóidh tú; creathnóir†; creathnóchaidh tú† |
creathnóidh sé, sí; creathnóchaidh sé, sí† |
creathnóimid; creathnóidh muid; creathnóchaimid†; creathnóchaidh muid† |
creathnóidh sibh; creathnóchaidh sibh† |
creathnóidh siad; creathnóid†; creathnóchaidh siad† |
a chreathnóidh; a chreathnós; a chreathnóchaidh†; a chreathnóchas† | creathnófar; creathnóchar† |
| conditional | chreathnóinn; chreathnóchainn† / creathnóinn‡; creathnóchainn†‡ |
chreathnófá; chreathnóchthᆠ/ creathnófá‡; creathnóchthᆇ |
chreathnódh sé, sí; chreathnóchadh sé, sí† / creathnódh sé, sí‡; creathnóchadh sé, s톇 |
chreathnóimis; chreathnódh muid; chreathnóchaimis†; chreathnóchadh muid† / creathnóimis‡; creathnódh muid‡; creathnóchaimis†‡; creathnóchadh muid†‡ |
chreathnódh sibh; chreathnóchadh sibh† / creathnódh sibh‡; creathnóchadh sibh†‡ |
chreathnóidís; chreathnódh siad; chreathnóchaidís†; chreathnóchadh siad† / creathnóidís‡; creathnódh siad‡; creathnóchaidís†‡; creathnóchadh siad†‡ |
a chreathnódh; a chreathnóchadh† | chreathnófaí; chreathnóchthaí† / creathnófaí‡; creathnóchtha톇 |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present | go gcreathnaí mé; go gcreathnaíod† |
go gcreathnaí tú; go gcreathnaír† |
go gcreathnaí sé, sí | go gcreathnaímid; go gcreathnaí muid |
go gcreathnaí sibh | go gcreathnaí siad; go gcreathnaíd† |
— | go gcreathnaítear |
| past | dá gcreathnaínn | dá gcreathnaíteá | dá gcreathnaíodh sé, sí | dá gcreathnaímis; dá gcreathnaíodh muid |
dá gcreathnaíodh sibh | dá gcreathnaídís; dá gcreathnaíodh siad |
— | dá gcreathnaítí |
| imperative | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| — | creathnaím | creathnaigh | creathnaíodh sé, sí | creathnaímis | creathnaígí; creathnaídh† |
creathnaídís | — | creathnaítear |
| past participle | creathnaithe | |||||||
| verbal noun | creathnú | |||||||
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
Further reading
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “creaṫnuiġim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 193
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “crioṫnuiġim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 196
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “creathnaigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
creathnaigh
- inflection of creathnach:
- masculine vocative/genitive singular
- (archaic, dialectal) feminine dative singular
Noun
creathnaigh
- (archaic, dialectal) dative singular of creathnach
Mutation
| radical | lenition | eclipsis |
|---|---|---|
| creathnaigh | chreathnaigh | gcreathnaigh |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crithnaigid, crithaigid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ “creathnaigh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy