baculum
English
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin baculum (“stick, staff, sceptre, cudgel”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbæk.jə.ləm/
Noun
baculum (plural baculums or bacula)
- (zoology) A bone found in the penis of some placental mammals.
- Synonyms: os penis, penis bone, penile bone
- 2018 January 24, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian:
- Bacula can be straight rods, s-shaped curves, or even bizarre, flared scoops.
- A small rod-like structure found in spores and pollen.
- 1993, M. R. Saxena, Palynology: A Treatise, page 34:
- The sexine usually consists of two main parts, a partially or wholly covering layer — the tectum (roof) and below that the rods or rod-like elements — the bacules (baculum, columella).
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
bone found in the penis of some mammals
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Dutch
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin baculum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baː.ky.lʏm/
- Hyphenation: ba‧cu‧lum
Noun
baculum n (plural bacula, no diminutive)
Latin
Alternative forms
- baculus (rare)
- vaclus (Late Latin, proscribed)
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *bak-(k)-elo-, of uncertain origin. Probably loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate.[1] The term is possibly cognate with Proto-Slavic *bokъ, Proto-Celtic *bakkos, Ancient Greek βάκτρον (báktron), and Proto-Germanic *pagil (English peg). Based on these forms, the Proto-Indo-European root *bak- has been reconstructed.[2] The term could be construed as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *bak-tlom,[3][4] although De Vaan postulates a pre-form *bak-k(e)los. See also beccus, Ancient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈba.kʊ.ɫũː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈbaː.ku.lum]
Noun
baculum n (genitive baculī); second declension
- walking stick, cane, staff
- sceptre, rod, verge (staff of office)
- stick, cudgel
- (Medieval Latin) a stick used as a symbol of warranty or in transfers of property
- (Ecclesiastical Latin) a support, stay
- (Ecclesiastical Latin) crosier
- (zoology) a penis bone
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | baculum | bacula |
| genitive | baculī | baculōrum |
| dative | baculō | baculīs |
| accusative | baculum | bacula |
| ablative | baculō | baculīs |
| vocative | baculum | bacula |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Catalan: bàcul
- English: baculum
- French: bâcle
- Galician: bagoo (archaic), báculo (borrowing)
- Irish: bachall
- Italian: abbacchio, bacchio, bacolo
- → Portuguese: báculo (learned)
- Sardinian: baculu
- → Spanish: báculo (learned)
- → Welsh: bagl (“crook, staff”)
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 67
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 93
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*pagila-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 194
- “baculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “baculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “baculum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “baculum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “baculum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “baculus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 76