býti

See also: byti and bytí

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *byti
Old Czech býti

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈbɨːci/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈbiːci/, /ˈbɛjci/

    Verb

    býti impf

    1. to be

    Usage notes

    • The rarer imperfect tense budieše and the nt-participle buda are of perfective aspect, as can already be heard from their forms resembling the future tense bude.
    • The aorist by is also said to be perfective and used mainly to introduce new information (sometimes called narrative). The aorist bě is said to be imperfective (sometimes called descriptive).
    • Many forms of this verb are used as an auxiliary. The aorist by is increasingly used to form conditional.

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of býti (athematic, suppletive)
    infinitive supine verbal noun
    býti byt bytie
    Present Imperative
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    1st person jsem jsvě (-va) jsme (-my) — buďvě (-va) buďme, buděm (-me/-my)
    2nd person jsi jsta jste buď buďta buďte
    3rd person jest, je jsta jsú buď buďta buďte
    Future
    Singular Dual Plural
    1st person budu budevě (-va) budem (-me/-my)
    2nd person budeš budeta budete
    3rd person bude budeta budú
    Sigmatic aorist Imperfect
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    1st person běch, bych běchově, bychově (-va) běchom, bychom (-me/-my) biech, budiech biechově, budiechově (-va) biechom, budiechom (-me/-my)
    2nd person bě, by běsta, bysta (-šta) běste, byste (-šte) bieše, budieše biešta, budiešta (-sta) biešte, budiešte (-ste)
    3rd person bě, by běsta, bysta (-šta) běchu, bychu bieše, budieše biešta, budiešta (-sta) biechu, budiechu
    L-participle Passive participle
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Masculine byl byla byli — — —
    Feminine byla byle byly — — —
    Neuter bylo byle byla — — —
    Nt-participle S-participle
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Masculine jsa, buda jsúce, budúce byv byvše
    Feminine jsúci, budúci byvši
    Neuter jsa, buda, jsúci, budúci byv, byvši

    Note: This table shows the most common forms of býti around the 13th/14th century. See also Appendix:Old Czech verbs and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

    Derived terms

    • baviti
    • dobyti
    • nabyti
    • otbyti
    • pobyti
    • pozbyti
    • přibyti
    • přěbyti
    • ubyti
    • zabyti
    • zbýti

    Descendants

    • Czech: být

    Further reading

    Old Norse

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Middle Low German bûte, büte[1] (or Middle Dutch[2]), possibly ultimately from Proto-Celtic *boudi (“profit, gains; victory”), perhaps via Old Dutch *būti.

    Noun

    býti n (genitive býtis)[1]

    1. exchange, barter

    Declension

    Declension of býti (strong ija-stem)
    neuter singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative býti býtit býti býtin
    accusative býti býtit býti býtin
    dative býti býtinu býtum býtunum
    genitive býtis býtisins býta býtanna

    Descendants

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jan de Vries (1977) [1957–1960], “býta”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 3rd edition, Leiden: E[vert] J[an] Brill, →OCLC, page 68.
    2. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “buit; buiten”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎[1] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 245-246
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