arbitror

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈar.bɪ.trɔr]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈar.bi.tror]

Verb

arbitror (present infinitive arbitrārī or arbitrārier, perfect active arbitrātus sum); first conjugation, deponent

to judge, arbitrate
to witness, observe
to believe, think
Synonyms: sentio, reor, existimo, cogito, opinor, iudico, censeo, considero
- 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 60–61:
  Nōn iniūria; nam id arbitror / adprīmē in vītā esse ūtile, ut nēquid nimis.
  Not without reason; for I believe that it is an especially useful [rule] in life, that nothing [be done] in excess.
to consider, be of the opinion
Synonyms: considero, reputo, existimo, puto, pendo
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Iob.13.24:
  Cur faciem tuam abscondis et arbitraris me inimicum tuum?
  Why hide you your face, and hold me for your enemy?
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.18:
  Quo nostros postero die pabulatum venturos arbitraretur.
  Where he believed that our [soldiers] would come the next day to forage.
to examine, consider, weigh
Synonyms: aspiciō, cōnsīderō, circumspiciō, reputō, exsequor

Conjugation

Conjugation of arbitror (first conjugation, deponent)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	arbitror	arbitrāris, arbitrāre		arbitrātur	arbitrāmur	arbitrāminī		arbitrantur
	imperfect	arbitrābar	arbitrābāris, arbitrābāre		arbitrābātur	arbitrābāmur	arbitrābāminī		arbitrābantur
	future	arbitrābor	arbitrāberis, arbitrābere		arbitrābitur	arbitrābimur	arbitrābiminī		arbitrābuntur
	perfect	arbitrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	arbitrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	arbitrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	arbitrer	arbitrēris, arbitrēre		arbitrētur	arbitrēmur	arbitrēminī		arbitrentur
	imperfect	arbitrārer	arbitrārēris, arbitrārēre		arbitrārētur	arbitrārēmur	arbitrārēminī		arbitrārentur
	perfect	arbitrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	arbitrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	arbitrāre		—	—	arbitrāminī		—
active	future	—	arbitrātor, arbitrāminō		arbitrātor	—	—		arbitrantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		arbitrārī, arbitrārier¹		—		arbitrāns		—
future		arbitrātūrum esse		—		arbitrātūrus		arbitrandus
perfect		arbitrātum esse		—		arbitrātus		—
future perfect		arbitrātum fore		—		—		—
perfect potential		arbitrātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		arbitrandī	arbitrandō		arbitrandum	arbitrandō	arbitrātum		arbitrātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

The second-person future active imperative in -minō is attested in Plautus, Epidicus 695.

Descendants

Old Leonese: alvedrar, alujdrar
- Asturian: albidrar, albidriar
- Leonese: albidrare
Portuguese: alvidrar
→ Asturian: arbitrar
→ Catalan: arbitrar
→ English: arbitrate
→ French: arbitrer
→ Galician: arbitrar
→ Italian: arbitrare
→ Portuguese: alvitrar, arbitrar
→ Romanian: arbitra
→ Spanish: arbitrar

References

arbitror in Karl Ernst Georges, Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch
“arbitror”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“arbitror”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“arbitror”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to feel superior to the affairs of life: res humanas infra se positas arbitrari
- to consider a thing beneath one's dignity: aliquid infra se ducere or infra se positum arbitrari
arbitror in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016