Indonesian
Etymology
From Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏ (andika, “to tell; you (honourable)”), from Old Javanese andika (“words, command, order, decree”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [anˈdika]
- Hyphenation: an‧di‧ka
Noun
andika (plural andika-andika)
- (honourable, archaic) you, e.g. Your Majesty
Pronoun
andika
- (honourable, archaic) you, e.g. Your Majesty
Further reading
Swahili
Etymology
Uncertain. Proposed to be from -andaa (“to ready, set, prepare”).[1] (Compare with -andalika (“to be prepared”), the regular stative form thereof.) However, the dialectal forms (Northern -and̪ika, Vumba -anjika) and the Ngazidja Comorian cognate -andziha all suggest a proto-form *-anjika instead.[2]
Pronunciation
Verb
-andika (infinitive kuandika)
- to write
- to draw
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -andika
|
| Positive present
|
-naandika
|
| Subjunctive
|
-andike
|
| Negative
|
-andiki
|
| Imperative singular
|
andika
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
andika
|
| Plural
|
andikeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huandika
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liandika
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuandika
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naandika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaandika/naandika
|
tunaandika
|
| 2nd person
|
unaandika
|
mnaandika
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaandika
|
wanaandika
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naandika
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -andiki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siandiki
|
hatuandiki
|
| 2nd person
|
huandiki
|
hamwandiki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haandiki
|
hawaandiki
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -andiki
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taandika
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taandika
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -andike)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niandike
|
tuandike
|
| 2nd person
|
uandike
|
mwandike
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aandike
|
waandike
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -andike
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siandike
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeandika
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeandika
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliandika
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliandika
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aandika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naandika
|
twaandika
|
| 2nd person
|
waandika
|
mwaandika
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aandika
|
waandika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waandika
|
yaandika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laandika
|
yaandika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaandika
|
vyaandika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaandika
|
zaandika
|
| u(XI)
|
waandika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaandika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paandika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaandika
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meandika
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaandika
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaandika
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiandika
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoandika
|
| Consecutive
|
kaandika / positive subject concord + -kaandika
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaandike
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niandika
|
-tuandika
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuandika
|
-waandika/-kuandikeni/-waandikeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mwandika
|
-waandika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uandika
|
-iandika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liandika
|
-yaandika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiandika
|
-viandika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iandika
|
-ziandika
|
| u(XI)
|
-uandika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuandika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paandika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muandika
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiandika
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -andika- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-andikaye
|
-andikao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-andikao
|
-andikayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-andikalo
|
-andikayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-andikacho
|
-andikavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-andikayo
|
-andikazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-andikao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-andikako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-andikapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-andikamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -andika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeandika
|
-oandika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oandika
|
-yoandika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loandika
|
-yoandika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choandika
|
-vyoandika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoandika
|
-zoandika
|
| u(XI)
|
-oandika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koandika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poandika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moandika
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ T.C. Schadeberg (1991), “Historical inferences from Swahili etymologies”, in Unwritten Testimonies of the African Past, Proceedings of the International Symposium held in Ojrzanow n. Warsaw on 07–08 November 1989, page 150.
- ^ Nurse, Derek; Hinnebusch, Thomas J. (1993), Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 580
- ^ Maddieson & Sands, field notes, 1991