affligo

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From ad- +‎ flīgō (“strike down”).

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    afflīgō (present infinitive afflīgere, perfect active afflīxī, supine afflīctum); third conjugation

    1. to strike, beat, dash (against); cast or throw down, prostrate
      Synonyms: feriō, mulcō, tangō, percutiō, pellō, discutiō, pulsō, accidō, percellō, impingō, icō, verberō
    2. to afflict, damage, injure, crush, break or ruin
      Synonyms: afficiō, dīruo, prōflīgō, tollō, accidō
    3. to humble, weaken or vex
    4. to overthrow
      Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, pervertō, ēvertō, sternō, prōsternō, fundō, versō, vertō, dissipō

    Conjugation

       Conjugation of afflīgō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present afflīgō afflīgis afflīgit afflīgimus afflīgitis afflīgunt
    imperfect afflīgēbam afflīgēbās afflīgēbat afflīgēbāmus afflīgēbātis afflīgēbant
    future afflīgam afflīgēs afflīget afflīgēmus afflīgētis afflīgent
    perfect afflīxī afflīxistī afflīxit afflīximus afflīxistis afflīxērunt,
    afflīxēre
    pluperfect afflīxeram afflīxerās afflīxerat afflīxerāmus afflīxerātis afflīxerant
    future perfect afflīxerō afflīxeris afflīxerit afflīxerimus afflīxeritis afflīxerint
    sigmatic future1 afflīxō afflīxis afflīxit afflīximus afflīxitis afflīxint
    passive present afflīgor afflīgeris,
    afflīgere     		afflīgitur afflīgimur afflīgiminī afflīguntur
    imperfect afflīgēbar afflīgēbāris,
    afflīgēbāre     		afflīgēbātur afflīgēbāmur afflīgēbāminī afflīgēbantur
    future afflīgar afflīgēris,
    afflīgēre     		afflīgētur afflīgēmur afflīgēminī afflīgentur
    perfect afflīctus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect afflīctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect afflīctus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present afflīgam afflīgās afflīgat afflīgāmus afflīgātis afflīgant
    imperfect afflīgerem afflīgerēs afflīgeret afflīgerēmus afflīgerētis afflīgerent
    perfect afflīxerim afflīxerīs afflīxerit afflīxerīmus afflīxerītis afflīxerint
    pluperfect afflīxissem afflīxissēs afflīxisset afflīxissēmus afflīxissētis afflīxissent
    sigmatic aorist1 afflīxim afflīxīs afflīxīt afflīxīmus afflīxītis afflīxint
    passive present afflīgar afflīgāris,
    afflīgāre     		afflīgātur afflīgāmur afflīgāminī afflīgantur
    imperfect afflīgerer afflīgerēris,
    afflīgerēre     		afflīgerētur afflīgerēmur afflīgerēminī afflīgerentur
    perfect afflīctus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect afflīctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — afflīge — — afflīgite —
    future — afflīgitō afflīgitō — afflīgitōte afflīguntō
    passive present — afflīgere — — afflīgiminī —
    future — afflīgitor afflīgitor — — afflīguntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present afflīgere afflīgī afflīgēns —
    future afflīctūrum esse afflīctum īrī afflīctūrus afflīgendus,
    afflīgundus
    perfect afflīxisse afflīctum esse — afflīctus
    future perfect — afflīctum fore — —
    perfect potential afflīctūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    afflīgendī afflīgendō afflīgendum afflīgendō afflīctum afflīctū

    1At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • → Asturian: aflixir
    • → Catalan: afligir
    • → English: afflict
    • → French: affliger
    • → Galician: aflixir
    • → Italian: affliggere
    • → Portuguese: afligir
    • → Spanish: afligir

    References

    • “affligo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “affligo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to be the victim of misfortune: calamitatibus affligi
      • to bring a man to ruin; to destroy: aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
      • their spirits are broken: animus frangitur, affligitur, percellitur, debilitatur
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