adalah
Indonesian
Alternative forms
- adl (abbreviation)
Etymology
From Malay adalah, from Classical Malay اداله (adalah). Equivalent to ada + -lah.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈadalah/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: a‧da‧lah
- Rhymes: -alah, -lah, -ah
Verb
adalah (copulative)
- to be identical to
- to have the same meaning as
- to be included in a group
- Saya adalah pengagum Dipa.
- I am an admirer of Dipa.
Particle
adalah
- a connector between two pieces of sentence that confirms the details or explanation of the first part
- Synonym: (third person) ialah
- Antonym: bukan
- Yang perlu dikerjakan sekarang adalah membawa korban ke rumah sakit.
- What needs to be done now is to take the victims to the hospital.
Usage notes
In Indonesian, "to be" can be expressed by juxtaposing words, but "adalah" is used to clarify or emphasize the meaning.
- Examples:
However, when it comes after another verb such as auxilliary verbs, or is in an imperative sentence, the "to be" must be translated into "menjadi" (lit. "become") instead of "adalah", "merupakan" and so forth. In imperative sentences, the "to be" is translated into "jadilah".
- Examples:
- Dia boleh menjadi guru pengganti kita. (not: Dia boleh adalah guru pengganti kita.)
- He/she can be our replacement teacher.
- Saat aku dewasa, aku akan menjadi seorang dokter. (not: Saat aku dewasa, aku akan merupakan seorang dokter.)
- When I grow up, I will be a doctor.
- Jadilah orang baik maka kamu akan disukai.
- Be a kind person surely you will be favoured.
Further reading
- “adalah”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Malay
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (schwa-variety) IPA(key): [a.də.lah]
- (Baku) IPA(key): [a.da.lah]
- Rhymes: -lah, -ah
- Hyphenation: a‧da‧lah
Particle
adalah (Jawi spelling اداله)
- (formal, copula) To be.
- Ini adalah benar.
- This is true.
- (obsolete) In fact.
- Synonym: sesungguhnya
Usage notes
- As a copula, adalah is an optional connector word which is often used like the English verb “to be”.
- In their Tatabahasa Dewan, the DBP prescribe that it can be used only before preposition and adjective phrases in contrast to ialah, which has the same meaning but is prescribed to only be used before noun phrases.
- Example where the predicate, besar (big) is an adjective phrase:
- Ini besar. ― This is big.
- Ini adalah besar. ― This is big.
- Contrast that with this sentence where the predicate, buku (book) is a noun phrase:
- Ini buku. ― This is a book.
- Ini ialah buku. ― This is a book.
- Despite the DBP's prescriptions, it is still very common for speakers to use adalah before noun phrases in unofficial settings, as in the quotation below where adalah appears in front of bapa kita semua (everyone's father), a noun phrase:
- 2016, Faizal Tahir, “Adam”, in 25 Rasul:
- Adam adalah bapa kita semua
- Adam is everyone's father