Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫdi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-ih₂, from *som- (“together”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to place, do”) + *-ih₂.[1] Cognate with Lithuanian samdà (“rent”), samdýti (“to hire”), Sanskrit संधि (saṃdhí, “connection, treaty, peace”).

    Reconstruction

    Per Derksen, *sǫdì already had word-final accent before the operation of Dybo's law (*sǫ- still behaved as a prefix) and hence *sǫ- remained short. Russian судья́ (sudʹjá) reflects *sǫdьjà from earlier *sǫdь̀ja by Dybo's law.

    Noun

    *sǫdì m[1]

    1. judge

    Inflection

    Declension of *sǫdь̀ja (ī-stem, accent paradigm b)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *sǫdь̀ja *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀ję̇
    genitive *sǫdь̀ję̇ *sǫdь̀ju *sǫdь̀jь
    dative *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀jama *sǫdь̀jamъ
    accusative *sǫdь̀jǫ *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀ję̇
    instrumental *sǫdь̀jejǫ, *sǫdь̀jǫ** *sǫdь̀jama *sǫdь̀jamī
    locative *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀ju *sǫdь̀jasъ, *sǫdь̀jaxъ*
    vocative *sǫdьje *sǫdь̀ji *sǫdь̀ję̇

    * -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
    ** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

    Alternative forms

    • *sǫdьji (Chernykh)

    Derived terms

    • *sǫ̃dъ (“court of law, trial, judgment”)

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: сѫди (sǫdi), сѫдии (sǫdii), сѫдиꙗ (sǫdija)
        • Old Ruthenian: судьꙗ́ (sudʹjá), судъꙗ́ (sudʺjá), судїꙗ́ (sudijá), судꙗ́ (sudjá)
        • Russian: судья́ (sudʹjá)
      • Old Novgorodian: сѫдьꙗ (sǫdĭja)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Cyrillic: сѫди (sǫdi), сѫдии (sǫdii)
        Glagolitic: [Term?]
      • Bulgarian: съдия́ (sǎdijá)
      • Macedonian: судија (sudija)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: су̀дија
        Latin script: sùdija
      • Slovene: sọ́dij, sọ́dja (tonal orthography)
    • West Slavic:
    • Non-Slavic:
      • → Proto-Finnic: *suntija (see there for further descendants)

    Further reading

    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “судья́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “суд”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 216
    • Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “судья́”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sǫdì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 462
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