Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/oko

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    From Early Proto-Slavic *aka,[1] from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye; to see”).[2]

    Noun

    *ȍko n[2]

    1. eye

    Inflection

    Declension of *ȍko (s-stem, accent paradigm c)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *ȍko *ȍčesi *očesà
    genitive *ȍčese *očesù *očèsъ
    dative *ȍčesi *očesьmà *očèsьmъ
    accusative *ȍko *ȍčesi *očesà
    instrumental *ȍčesьmь *očesьmà *očesý
    locative *ȍčese *očesù *očèsьxъ
    vocative *ȍko *ȍčesi *očesà
    Declension of *ȍko (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *ȍko *ȍcě *okà
    genitive *ȍka *okù *òkъ
    dative *ȍku *okomà *okòmъ
    accusative *ȍko *ȍcě *okà
    instrumental *ȍkъmь, *ȍkomь* *okomà *oký
    locative *ȍcě *okù *ocě̃xъ
    vocative *ȍko *ȍcě *okà

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    Declension of *ȍči (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
    dual
    nominative *ȍči
    genitive *očьjù, *oču*
    dative *očьmà
    accusative *ȍči
    instrumental *očьmà
    locative *očьjù, *oču*
    vocative *ȍči

    * The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

    In addition to the above declensions, there were i-stem dual forms. Old Church Slavic has an o-stem singular, i-stem dual, and s-stem plural, while Russian has an o-stem singular, and an i-stem plural derived from the old dual.

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: око (oko)
        • Old Ruthenian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko), اَوقَو (oko)
          • Belarusian: во́ка (vóka)
          • Carpathian Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
          • Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), (dialectal) во́ко (vóko), го́ко (hóko)
        • Russian: о́ко (óko) (dated, archaic)
      • Old Novgorodian: око (oko)
    • South Slavic:
    • West Slavic:
    • Non-Slavic:
      • → Hungarian: Aka (toponym)

    Further reading

    • Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*oko”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 41
    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “око”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • “akis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

    References

    1. ^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017), “*aka «oko»”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 57
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ȍko”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
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