Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/obačiti
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *bačiti[1]
Etymology
Uncertain. The form without the initial *o- arose from the re-decomposition of *ob-ačiti > *obačiti > *o-bačiti > *bačiti, where the first part was perceived as the Slavic suffix *o(b)-.
- Borrowed from Eastern Iranian languages, probably from Scythian *abi-āšaya- (as is Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ (“ruler, master”)), further from Proto-Iranian *Habí-Hāxšáyati (“to watch; to guard, protect”) (compare Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aiβiiāxšaiia, “to guard, supervise”), 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬙𐬀𐬭 (aiβiiāxštar, “observer”), Khwarezmian [script needed] (βyxȳ-), [script needed] (ʾβyxy-, “to learn from, apprehend, retain”), Yaghnobi яхшта (yaxšta, “to be seen, visible”))[2][3], from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, upon”) + *Hákši (“eye”) + Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti.[4][5]
- Traditionally derived from *o(b)- + **ačiti, where the root is presumably derived from *ȍko (“eye”), *ȍči du + *-iti.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Controversial due to lack of evidence for **ačiti and unclear long vowel in the first syllable *o- > *ō- > *a-, which is not in Church Slavonic обочити (obočiti, “to render manifest”) < Proto-Slavic *obočiti.[12][5][4]
Both of the above theories trace the main semantic component back ultimately to Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).
Other etymologies are unconvincing:
- The assumption of borrowing from Proto-Turkic *bak- (“to look; to watch”)[11] (compare Turkish bakmak, Crimean Tatar baqmaq) is rejected.[7][8][10]
- Doubtful from **ba-k-iti, which is supposedly derived from the interjection *ba! (“wow, really”) + *-k- extension + *-iti.[10][11][9]
- From the hypothetical **ba-kъ (“watchman, overseer, guardian”), which ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”), as in *bàjati (“to tell”).[1][11]
Verb
- (West Slavic) to see, to notice, to watch
Inflection
Conjugation of *obačiti, *obači, *obačitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *obačenьje | *obačiti | *obačitъ | *obačilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *obačenъ | *obačimъ |
| Active | *obačь | *obačę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *obačixъ | *obači | *obači | *obačǫ | *obačiši | *obačitь |
| Dual | *obačixově | *obačista | *obačiste | *obačivě | *obačita | *obačite |
| Plural | *obačixomъ | *obačiste | *obačišę | *obačimъ | *obačite | *obačętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *obačaaxъ | *obačaaše | *obačaaše | — | *obači | *obači |
| Dual | *obačaaxově | *obačaašeta | *obačaašete | *obačivě | *obačita | — |
| Plural | *obačaaxomъ | *obačaašete | *obačaaxǫ | *obačimъ | *obačite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*obačivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- West Slavic:
- Old Polish: obaczyć
- Polish: obaczyć, obacyć (Near Masovian), ôbácyć (Biecz), obácyć (Podegrodzie), ôbocyć (Łowicz)
- Silesian: ôbŏczyć
- → Old Ruthenian: оба́чити (obáčiti), оба́чыти (obáčyti)
- Belarusian: аба́чыць (abáčycʹ), оба́чыць (obáčycʹ) (dialectal)
- Carpathian Rusyn: оба́чити (obáčyty)
- Ukrainian: оба́чити (obáčyty)
- → Middle Russian: оба́чить (obáčitʹ)
- Russian: оба́чить (obáčitʹ) (dialectal)
- →? Old Slovak: *obačiť
- Pannonian Rusyn: обачиц (obačic)
- Slovak: obačiť (dialectal)
- Old Polish: obaczyć
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bačiti”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 174
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “*axš-, *aš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 282
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Haxš²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 171
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*obačiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 26 (*novoukъ(jь) – *obgorditi), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 91
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Anikin, A. E. (2008), “ба́чить”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 2 (ба – бдынъ), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 303
- ^ Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1910–1914), “ба́чить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – О), numbers 1–9, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 20
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Vasmer, Max (1964), “ба́чить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, page 138
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Shansky, N. M. (1965), “ба́чить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, number 2 (Б), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 61
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1978), “ба́чыць”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 1 (А – бячэ́йка), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 337
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Jaroslav Rudnyckyj (1962–1972), “ба́чити”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 1 (А – Ґ), Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, →LCCN, page 90
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “ба́чити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 154
- ^ Franz Miklosich (1862–1865), “обочити”, in Lexicon Palaeoslovenico-Graeco-Latinum emendatum auctum, Vienna: Guilelmus Braumueller, page 472