Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ogňь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *úngnis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Lithuanian ugnis, Sanskrit अग्नि (agní), Latin ignis.

According to Kortlandt *ogňь reflects a Balto-Slavic noun *ungnis in which the *-ngn- cluster blocked the operation of Winter's law. The sequence *un was lowered to *on before a tautosyllabic stop, with subsequent loss of the nasal as a result of dissimilation (as in *voda (“water”)). The expected reflex of Winter's law with a long vowel (Balto-Slavic */ū/ > Proto-Slavic */y/) is found in *vygъňь, *vygъňa (“forge”).

Noun

*ògňь m^[1]^[2]^[3]

fire

Declension

Declension of *ògňь (i-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ògňь	*ogňì	ògňьjē, ògňē^*
genitive	*ògňi	ògňьju, ogňu^*	ogňь̀jь, ògňi^*
dative	*ogňì	*ògňьma	*ogňь̀mъ
accusative	*ògňь	*ogňì	*ogňì
instrumental	*ogňь̀mь	*ògňьma	*ògňьmī
locative	*ògňi	ògňьju, ogňu^*	*ogňь̀xъ
vocative	*ogňi	*ogňì	ògňьjē, ògňē^*

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Declension of *ògňь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ògňь	*ogňà	*ogňì
genitive	*ogňà	*ogňù	*ògňь
dative	*ogňù	*ogňèma	*ògňemъ
accusative	*ògňь	*ogňà	*ogňę̇̀
instrumental	ogňь̀mь, ogňèmь^*	*ogňèma	*ògňi
locative	*ogňì	*ogňù	*ògňixъ
vocative	*ogňu	*ogňà	*ogňì

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*ogňišče

Related terms

*vygъňь, *vygъňa (“forge”)
*ǫglь (“coal”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: огнь (ognĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: о́гнь (óhnʹ), ого́нь (ohónʹ), оге́нь (ohénʹ)
    - Belarusian: аго́нь (ahónʹ)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: оге́нь (ohénʹ)
    - Ukrainian: вого́нь (vohónʹ); ого́нь (ohónʹ) (dialectal)
  - Russian: ого́нь (ogónʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ)
  
  Old Cyrillic script: огн҄ь (ognʹĭ) (jo-stem), огнь (ognĭ) (i-stem)
  - Bulgarian: о́гън (ógǎn)
  - Macedonian: оган (ogan)
  - → Middle Russian: огнь (ognʹ)
    - Russian: огнь (ognʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: о̀гањ
  
  Latin script: òganj
- Slovene: ógənj (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: oheň
  - Czech: oheň
- Polabian: viďėn
- Old Polish: ogień
  - Polish: ogień
  - Silesian: ôgyń
- Old Slovak: oheň
  - Pannonian Rusyn: огень (ohenʹ)
  - Slovak: oheň
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: òdżin
  - Slovincian: wôgjeń
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: woheń
  - Lower Sorbian: wogeń

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ògņь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 364: “m. i / m. jo (b) ‘fire’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “ognь ogni”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b fire (NA 129f., 142; SA 21, 80, 138f.; PR 135)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “ógenj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ogn'ь̏”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ògņь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 364: “m. i / m. jo (b) ‘fire’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “ognь ogni”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b fire (NA 129f., 142; SA 21, 80, 138f.; PR 135)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016), “ógenj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ogn'ь̏”

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