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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂iwos, possibly from *leh₂- (“to be hidden, to wait from a distance”), derived with the suffix *-wós. Cognates include Ancient Greek λαιός (laiós), Latin laevus.[1] The adjective got its meaning likely due to the popular view that the left hand is the weaker, less suitable hand to use.
Adjective
*lě̑vъ[1][2]
- left
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *lěvъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*lěvъ
|
*lěva
|
*lěvo
|
| genitive
|
*lěva
|
*lěvy
|
*lěva
|
| dative
|
*lěvu
|
*lěvě
|
*lěvu
|
| accusative
|
*lěvъ
|
*lěvǫ
|
*lěvo
|
| instrumental
|
*lěvomь
|
*lěvojǫ
|
*lěvomь
|
| locative
|
*lěvě
|
*lěvě
|
*lěvě
|
| vocative
|
*lěve
|
*lěvo
|
*lěvo
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*lěva
|
*lěvě
|
*lěvě
|
| genitive
|
*lěvu
|
*lěvu
|
*lěvu
|
| dative
|
*lěvoma
|
*lěvama
|
*lěvoma
|
| accusative
|
*lěva
|
*lěvě
|
*lěvě
|
| instrumental
|
*lěvoma
|
*lěvama
|
*lěvoma
|
| locative
|
*lěvu
|
*lěvu
|
*lěvu
|
| vocative
|
*lěva
|
*lěvě
|
*lěvě
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*lěvi
|
*lěvy
|
*lěva
|
| genitive
|
*lěvъ
|
*lěvъ
|
*lěvъ
|
| dative
|
*lěvomъ
|
*lěvamъ
|
*lěvomъ
|
| accusative
|
*lěvy
|
*lěvy
|
*lěva
|
| instrumental
|
*lěvy
|
*lěvami
|
*lěvy
|
| locative
|
*lěvěxъ
|
*lěvaxъ
|
*lěvěxъ
|
| vocative
|
*lěvi
|
*lěvy
|
*lěva
|
Definite declension of *lěvъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*lěvъjь
|
*lěvaja
|
*lěvoje
|
| genitive
|
*lěvajego
|
*lěvyję̇
|
*lěvajego
|
| dative
|
*lěvujemu
|
*lěvěji
|
*lěvujemu
|
| accusative
|
*lěvъjь
|
*lěvǫjǫ
|
*lěvoje
|
| instrumental
|
*lěvyjimь
|
*lěvǫjǫ
|
*lěvyjimь
|
| locative
|
*lěvějemь
|
*lěvěji
|
*lěvějemь
|
| vocative
|
*lěvъjь
|
*lěvaja
|
*lěvoje
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*lěvaja
|
*lěvěji
|
*lěvěji
|
| genitive
|
*lěvuju
|
*lěvuju
|
*lěvuju
|
| dative
|
*lěvyjima
|
*lěvyjima
|
*lěvyjima
|
| accusative
|
*lěvaja
|
*lěvěji
|
*lěvěji
|
| instrumental
|
*lěvyjima
|
*lěvyjima
|
*lěvyjima
|
| locative
|
*lěvuju
|
*lěvuju
|
*lěvuju
|
| vocative
|
*lěvaja
|
*lěvěji
|
*lěvěji
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*lěviji
|
*lěvyję̇
|
*lěvaja
|
| genitive
|
*lěvъjixъ
|
*lěvъjixъ
|
*lěvъjixъ
|
| dative
|
*lěvyjimъ
|
*lěvyjimъ
|
*lěvyjimъ
|
| accusative
|
*lěvyję̇
|
*lěvyję̇
|
*lěvaja
|
| instrumental
|
*lěvyjimi
|
*lěvyjimi
|
*lěvyjimi
|
| locative
|
*lěvyjixъ
|
*lěvyjixъ
|
*lěvyjixъ
|
| vocative
|
*lěviji
|
*lěvyję̇
|
*lěvaja
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Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: лѣвъ (lěvŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⰾⱑⰲⱏ (lěvŭ)
- Bulgarian: ляв (ljav)
- Macedonian: лев (lev)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ле̑вӣ
- Latin script: lȇvī
- Slovene: lẹ̑v
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: levý
- Polabian: levĕ
- Old Polish: lewy
- Pomeranian:
- Slovak: ľavý
- Sorbian:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ле́вый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lě̑vъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275: “adj. o (c) ‘left’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “lěvъ lěva lěvo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c venstre (PR 138)”