Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/klasti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per LIV, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *klā́ˀtei + *-sti (dʰé-conjugation), perhaps back-formed from the proto dʰi-imperative, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with ye-presents Lithuanian klóti (“to spread”), Latvian klât (“to cover, spread”). Compare also Lithuanian klõdas (“layer, stratum”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, compare Proto-Germanic *hlaþaną (“to load”).^[1]

Dialectal Bulgarian also exhibits reflexes of athematic conjugation клам pf (klam, “to lay down”),^[2] of unclear diachronic origin (could be a contraction of кла́вам (klávam)).

Verb

*klàsti impf^[1]^[3]^[4]

to put, to lay, to set down
Synonyms: *postaviti, *polagati
to stack, to pile, to deposit
Synonyms: (native) *kupiti, *vъložiti
(reflexive) (+ *sę) to provide for, to feed (oneself)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *klasti, *klade, *kladetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kladenьje	*klasti	*klastъ	*kladlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kladenъ	*kladomъ
Active	*kladъ	*klady

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*klad(ox)ъ	*klade	*klade	*kladǫ	*kladeši	*kladetь
Dual	*klad(ox)ově	*klad(e/os)ta	*klad(e/os)te	*kladevě	*kladeta	*kladete
Plural	*klad(ox)omъ	*klad(e/os)te	kladǫ, kladošę	*klademъ	*kladete	*kladǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kladěaxъ	*kladěaše	*kladěaše	—	*kladi	*kladi
Dual	*kladěaxově	*kladěašeta	*kladěašete	*kladěvě	*kladěta	—
Plural	*kladěaxomъ	*kladěašete	*kladěaxǫ	*kladěmъ	*kladěte	—

Alternative forms

*kladati

Derived terms

Verbs:

*doklasti, *dokladati
*naklasti, *nakladati
*o(b)klasti, *o(b)kladati
*orzklasti, *orzkladati
*perklasti, *perkladati
*podъklasti, *podъkladati
*priklasti, *prikladati
*sъklasti, *sъkladati
*uklasti, *ukladati
*vъklasti, *vъkladati
*zaklasti, *zakladati

Nouns:

*kladъ (“layout, symbol”)
- *sъkladъ (“warehouse, storeroom”)
*klada (“stack”), *kladina (“pile, heap”)
*kladь (“load”), *klaďa (“provision, setup”)
*kladьba (verbal noun)
*kladivo (“provision, hoard”)
*kladьnъ, *kladьňь (“piled”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: кла́сці (klásci)
- Russian: класть (klastʹ)
- Ukrainian: кла́сти (klásty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: класти (klasti)
- Bulgarian: клада́ (kladá); dial. кла́вам (klávam), кла́жa (kláža)
- Macedonian: кладе pf (klade) (regionalism), клава impf (klava) (regionalism)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  - Cyrillic script: кла̏сти
  - Latin script: klȁsti
- Slovene: klásti (tonal orthography) (archaic)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: klásti
  - Czech: klást
- Kashubian: kłasc
- Old Polish: kłaść
  - Polish: kłaść
  - Silesian: kłaś
- Slovak: klásť

Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: clădi (“to build”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*klasti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “v. ‘put’”
^ Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “клам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 415
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “klasti: kladǫ kladetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 208f., 252, 255; PR 139)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “-klȃdati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “od *kla̋sti, sed. *klȃdǫ”