Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with Lithuanian klṓti (“to lay, lay out, spread, pave”), Russian клад (klad, “treasure”).[1]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈxlɑ.θɑ.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *hlaþaną[1][2][3]

    1. to load

    Inflection

    Conjugation of *hlaþaną (strong class 6)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *hlaþō *hlaþaų — *hlaþai ?
    2nd singular *hlaþizi *hlaþaiz *hlaþ *hlaþazai *hlaþaizau
    3rd singular *hlaþidi *hlaþai *hlaþadau *hlaþadai *hlaþaidau
    1st dual *hlaþōz *hlaþaiw — — —
    2nd dual *hlaþadiz *hlaþaidiz *hlaþadiz — —
    1st plural *hlaþamaz *hlaþaim — *hlaþandai *hlaþaindau
    2nd plural *hlaþid *hlaþaid *hlaþid *hlaþandai *hlaþaindau
    3rd plural *hlaþandi *hlaþain *hlaþandau *hlaþandai *hlaþaindau
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *hlōþ *hlōdį̄
    2nd singular *hlōst *hlōdīz
    3rd singular *hlōþ *hlōdī
    1st dual *hlōdū *hlōdīw
    2nd dual *hlōdudiz *hlōdīdiz
    1st plural *hlōdum *hlōdīm
    2nd plural *hlōdud *hlōdīd
    3rd plural *hlōdun *hlōdīn
    present past
    participles *hlaþandz *hladanaz

    Derived terms

    • *hlassą

    Descendants

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hlaþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229
    2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*xlaþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175
    3. ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970), “HLAÞ-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 85) (in German), Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 258
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