Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běditi
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Disputed. Possibly of heterogenous origin, fusing:
- Sense “to persuade, to coerce”: Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoydʰéyeti, from root *bʰeydʰ- (“to convince”). Primarily limited to South Slavic. Hirt, Meillet considered this meaning a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), which is nowadays usually discarded.
- Sense “to cause trouble”: Denominal from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti.
Derksen remains agnostic[1] in regard to the relation between the two meanings.
Verb
Conjugation
Conjugation of *běditi, *bědi, *běditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *běďenьje | *běditi | *běditъ | *bědilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *běďenъ | *bědimъ |
| Active | *běďь | *bědę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bědixъ | *bědi | *bědi | *běďǫ | *bědiši | *běditь |
| Dual | *bědixově | *bědista | *bědiste | *bědivě | *bědita | *bědite |
| Plural | *bědixomъ | *bědiste | *bědišę | *bědimъ | *bědite | *bědętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *běďaaxъ | *běďaaše | *běďaaše | — | *bědi | *bědi |
| Dual | *běďaaxově | *běďaašeta | *běďaašete | *bědivě | *bědita | — |
| Plural | *běďaaxomъ | *běďaašete | *běďaaxǫ | *bědimъ | *bědite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*bědivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
verbs
- *naběditi
- *poběditi
- *uběditi
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Ruthenian:
- Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)
- Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)
- Ruthenian:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bě̄dìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39: “v. (b)”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “bědjǫ -iti”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c sejre (PR 139)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бедить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*běditi”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 56
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “бідити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “bẹ́da”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “sorodstva s pslovan. glagolom *bědi̋ti ‛siliti’”