Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/yascáti
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yasćáti, from Proto-Indo-European *ym̥-sḱ-éti, from *yem- (“to take hold, restrain”). Cognate with Sanskrit यच्छति (yácchati).
Verb
*yascáti[1]
Inflection
| sca-present | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *yascáti | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *yascánti | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *yascáH(mi) | *yascám | — | *yascaH(ni) | *yascáyam |
| 2nd | *yascáhi | *yascáh | *yascá | *yascaHah(i) | *yascáyš | |
| 3rd | *yascáti | *yascát | *yascátu | *yascaHat(i) | *yascáyt | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *yascáθHah | ? | *yascáθHam | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *yascátah | *yascátam | *yascátām | *yascaHtah | ? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *yascā́mah(i) | *yascā́ma | — | *yascaHama | *yascáyma |
| 2nd | *yascáθHa | *yascáta | *yascáta | *yascaHθaHa | *yascáyta | |
| 3rd | *yascánti | *yascántu | *yascántu | *yascaHant(i) | *yascáyant | |
| Participle | *yascā́h | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *yascáy | *yascáy | — | *yascáHi | *yascáya |
| 2nd | *yascáhay | *yascáha | *yascáhwa | *yascáHahay | *yascáyša | |
| 3rd | *yascátay | *yascáta | *yascátām | *yascáHatay | *yascáyta | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *yascáyθHay | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *yascáytay | *yascáytam | ? | ? | *yascáyātam | |
| Plur. | 1st | *yascā́maday | *yascā́madi | — | *yascáHāmaday | *yascáymadi |
| 2nd | *yascádway | *yascádwam | *yascáydwam | *yascáHadway | *yascáydwam | |
| 3rd | *yascántay, *-áray | *yascánta | *yascántām | *yascáHantay, *-áHaram | *yascáyanta | |
| Participle | *yascaHnáh | |||||
Derived terms
- *aHyascáti (+ *aH- (“back”))
- Old Avestan: 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬯𐬉 (āiiesē, 1sg.pres.med.)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬯𐬈 (āiiese, 1sg.pres.med.)
- Bactrian: ιεσ- (ies-, “to take”)
- Bartangi: айо̄с- (ayō̄s-, “to take away”)
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎹𐎿𐎫𐎠 (a-y-s-t-a /āyasatā/, “took for himself”, 3sg.impf.med.)
- Semnani: [script needed] (h-āī-č-äī-), [script needed] (b-ä́ī̮(-)šš-, “to buy, take”)
- ⇒ Proto-Scythian: *yazani (+ *-ani (verbal noun suffix))
- Ossetian: (“to take (away, out)”)
- Digor Ossetian: есун (esun)
- Iron Ossetian: исын (isyn)
- Ossetian: (“to take (away, out)”)
- Sogdian: (“to take, receive”)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾʾs-)
- Christian: ܐܣ-
- Old Avestan: 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬯𐬉 (āiiesē, 1sg.pres.med.)
- *Hapayascáti (“to take away”) (+ *Hapa- (“off, away, from”))
- Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (apaiiasaiti, 1sg.pres.med.)
- Pashto: [script needed] (istə́l), [script needed] (yastə́l), [script needed] (westəl, “to take off, out”)
- *hamyascáti (+ *ham- (“together, one”))
- Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬇𐬨𐬆𐬨𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (hə̄məmiiāsaitē, 3sg.pres.med.)
- Sogdian: (“to come to an end, be ended”)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾnyʾmsʾy, 3sg.opt.act.)
- Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼻𐼷𐼰𐼺𐼼𐼷𐼺 (ʾnyʾmsym, 1pl.pres.act.)
- *niyascáti (+ *ni- (“down, down into”))
- Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬯𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬈 (niiāsāite, 1sg.pres.med.)
- Ormuri: [script needed] (nas-, “to take, grasp”)
- Pashto: (“to take out”)
- Pashto: [script needed] (nis-)
- Waneci: [script needed] (nc-), [script needed] (nic-)
- Proto-Saka: [Term?] (“to take, seize”)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (nās-)
- Tumshuqese: [script needed] (nes-), [script needed] (пе-)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi: [Term?] (“to take, seize, hold”)
- Ishkashimi: нас (nas)
- Sanglechi: [script needed] (nas)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
- Yidgha: [script needed] (nis-, “to take out”)
- Yazghulami: н(ә)йас- (n(ə)yas-, “to seize, catch, take (in marriage), buy; to bite [of dogs]”)
- Proto-Sogdic:
- Sogdian: (“to take (prison), capture”)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (nyʾst), [script needed] (ʾnyʾst)
- Christian: [script needed] (nyʾstʾ, 2pl.pres.act.)
- Sogdian script: 𐼻𐼷𐼰𐼼- (nyʾs-)
- Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫏𐫀𐫘- (nyʾs-)
- Yaghnobi: нос- (nos-, “to take (in marriage), seize”)
- Sogdian: (“to take (prison), capture”)
- Yidgha: [script needed] (nis-, “to take out”)
Related terms
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬁𐬯𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yāsāiti)
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: [script needed] (yos-)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
- Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
- Munji: [script needed] (yīs-)
- Yidgha: [script needed] (is-)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
- Shughni: йо̄с- (yō̄s-)
- Roshani: йо̄с- (yō̄s-)
- Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
References
- ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011), “*i̭am-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 68-78