Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/yāmáyati
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yāmáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *yom-éye-ti, from *yem- (“to take hold, restrain”). Cognate with Sanskrit यामयति (yāmáyati).
Verb
*yāmáyati[1]
Inflection
| aya-causative | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *yāmáyati | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *yāmáyanti | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *yāmáyaH(mi) | *yāmáyam | — | *yāmáyaH(ni) | *yāmáyayam |
| 2nd | *yāmáyahi | *yāmáyah | *yāmáya | *yāmáyaHah(i) | *yāmáyayš | |
| 3rd | *yāmáyati | *yāmáyat | *yāmáyatu | *yāmáyaHat(i) | *yāmáyayt | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *yāmáyaθHah | ? | *yāmáyaθHam | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *yāmáyatah | *yāmáyatam | *yāmáyatām | *yāmáyaHtah | ? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *yāmáyāmah(i) | *yāmáyāma | — | *yāmáyaHama | *yāmáyayma |
| 2nd | *yāmáyaθHa | *yāmáyata | *yāmáyata | *yāmáyaHθaHa | *yāmáyayta | |
| 3rd | *yāmáyanti | *yāmáyantu | *yāmáyantu | *yāmáyaHant(i) | *yāmáyayant | |
| Participle | *yāmáyāh | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *yāmáyay | *yāmáyay | — | *yāmáyaHi | *yāmáyaya |
| 2nd | *yāmáyahay | *yāmáyaha | *yāmáyahwa | *yāmáyaHahay | *yāmáyayša | |
| 3rd | *yāmáyatay | *yāmáyata | *yāmáyatām | *yāmáyaHatay | *yāmáyayta | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *yāmáyayθHay | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *yāmáyaytay | *yāmáyaytam | ? | ? | *yāmáyayātam | |
| Plur. | 1st | *yāmáyāmaday | *yāmáyāmadi | — | *yāmáyaHāmaday | *yāmáyaymadi |
| 2nd | *yāmáyadway | *yāmáyadwam | *yāmáyaydwam | *yāmáyaHadway | *yāmáyaydwam | |
| 3rd | *yāmáyantay, *-aray | *yāmáyanta | *yāmáyantām | *yāmáyaHantay, *-aHaram | *yāmáyayanta | |
| Participle | *yāmáyaHnah | |||||
Derived terms
- *aHyāmáyati (+ *aH- (“back”))
- Khotanese: [script needed] (ājum-, “to bring”)
- Sogdian: (“to end, finish”)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾʾyʾmt, 3sg.pres.pot.)
- *frayāmáyati (+ *fra- (“toward, forward”))
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (šyʾm-), [script needed] (šyʾmy-, “to break, end the fasting”)
- Sogdian: (“to end, break the fasting”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫏𐫀𐫖𐫔𐫀𐫐𐫀𐫖 (fryʾmδʾkʾm, 2pl.fut.act.)
- *Hapayāmáyati (+ *Hapa- (“off, away, from”))
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (byʾmy-, “to break a promise”)
- >? Sogdian: (“to heal”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫏𐫀𐫖𐫀𐫗 (pyʾmʾn, 1sg.pres.subj.)
- *patiyāmáyati (+ *pati- (“against, near, upon”))
- Khotanese: [script needed] (pīm-, “to bring”)
- Sogdian: (“to complete”)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (ptyʾm-)
- Sogdian script: 𐼾𐽂𐽂𐼷𐼷𐼰𐼺 (pttyyʾm, 3sg.impf.ind.)
- Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫎𐫏𐫀𐫖𐫎 (pṯyʾmṯ)
- *upayāmáyati (+ *upa- (“towards, near to, sub-”))
- Sogdian: (“rear, foster”)
- Christian: ܒܝܐܡ- (byʾm-, 3pl.impf.ind.)
- Sogdian: (“rear, foster”)
- *uzyāmáyati (+ *uz- (“up, out, forth, arising”))
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zʾmy-, “to spend”)
- Sogdian: (“to consume, spend”)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (zyʾʾmt)
- Christian: ܙܝܐܡ- (zyʾm-)
Related terms
References
- ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2025), “*i̯em-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²[1], pages 43-44
- Edelʹman, D. I. (2011), “*i̭am-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 68-78
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*i̭am”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 211-212