Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/tuHmā́

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Suggested to be from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tuHmā́, from Proto-Indo-European *tuh₂-mṓ, from *tewh₂- (“to swell (in number)”)^[1] + *-mṓ, compare Proto-Indo-European *tuHsont- (“thousand”) and Lithuanian čiūtys (“large number”), both possibly derived from the same root. Cognate or parallel formation with Proto-Germanic *þūmô (“thumb”).

Noun

*tuHmā́ m^[2]

great multitude, myriad
ten thousand
Synonym: *baywā́

Descendants

Proto-Scythian: *tūmāni pl
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *tūmāni pl
  - Proto-Saka: *tūmāni pl
    - →? Proto-Tocharian: *tumāne, *təmāne pl (“ten thousand”)^[3]^[4]
      - Tocharian A: tmāṃ
      - Tocharian B: tᵤmāne, tmāne
      - → Proto-Turkic: *tümen (“ten thousand”) (see there for further descendants)
>? Persian: تومان (tumân, “ten thousand”) (if not borrowed from Turkic)

References

^ Tremblay, Xavier (2005), “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎^[1], volume 68, number 3, page 437
^ Bailey, H. W. (1961), Saka texts from Khotan in the Hedin collection (Indo-Scythian Studies Being Khotanese Texts; 4), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 120: “Iranian word *tu-māna- ‘great measure’ for ‘great number’”
^ Dybo, A. V. (2007), Lingvističeskije kontakty rannix tjurkov: leksičeskij fond, pratjurkskij period [Language contacts of early Turks. The Proto-Turkic period]‎^[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Oriental Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, page 126: “Прато-харское *təmāne ‘десять тысяч’ ― Prato-xarskoje *təmāne ‘desjatʹ tysjač’”
^ Tremblay, Xavier (2005), “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎^[3], volume 68, number 3, page 437: “TAB †t^umeṃ”

[1] Tremblay, Xavier (2005), “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎^[1], volume 68, number 3, page 437

[2] Bailey, H. W. (1961), Saka texts from Khotan in the Hedin collection (Indo-Scythian Studies Being Khotanese Texts; 4), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 120: “Iranian word *tu-māna- ‘great measure’ for ‘great number’”

[3] Dybo, A. V. (2007), Lingvističeskije kontakty rannix tjurkov: leksičeskij fond, pratjurkskij period [Language contacts of early Turks. The Proto-Turkic period]‎^[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Oriental Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, page 126: “Прато-харское *təmāne ‘десять тысяч’ ― Prato-xarskoje *təmāne ‘desjatʹ tysjač’”

[4] Tremblay, Xavier (2005), “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎^[3], volume 68, number 3, page 437: “TAB †t^umeṃ”

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]