Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/táwHti
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *táwHti, from Proto-Indo-European *téwh₂-ti ~ *tuh₂-énti, from *tewh₂- (“to swell; to become strong”) + *-ti.
Verb
*táwHti[1]
Inflection
| Root athematic present | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *táwHti | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *tuHánti, *táwHati | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *táwHmi | *táwHm | — | *táwHaH(ni) | *tuHyā́m |
| 2nd | *táwHsi | *táwHs | *tuHdí | *táwHah(i) | *tuHyáHs, *tuHíHs | |
| 3rd | *táwHti | *táwHt | *táwHtu | *táwHat(i) | *tuHyáHt, *tuHíHt | |
| Dual | 1st | *tuHwáhi | *tuHwá | — | *táwHāwa? | *tuHyáHwa?, *tuHiHwá? |
| 2nd | *tuHθHáh | *tuHtám | *táwHtám? | *táwHaθHah? | *tuHyáHtam, *tuHiHtám | |
| 3rd | *tuHtáh | *tuHtā́m? | *táwHtā́m? | *táwHatah | *tuHyáHtām, *tuHiHtā́m | |
| Plur. | 1st | *tuHmáhi | *táwHmá | — | *táwHāma | *tuHyáHma?, *tuHiHmá? |
| 2nd | *tuHθHá | *táwHtá | *tuHtá | *táwHaθHa, *-ata | *tuHdHwáy, *tuHyáHta, *tuHiHtá | |
| 3rd | *tuHánti, *táwHati | *tuHánt, *táwHat | *tuHántu, *táwHatu | *táwHant(i) | *tuHyáHr̥(š), *-yáHant, *tuHiHŕ̥(š), *-íHat | |
| Participle | *tuHā́h | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *tuHáy | *tuHí | — | *tuHáHy, *-áHnay | *tuHiHá |
| 2nd | *tuHsáy | *tuHsá | *tuHswá | *tuHáhay | *tuHiHsá | |
| 3rd | *tuHtáy, *tuHáy | *tuHtá | *tuHtā́m | *tuHátay | *tuHiHtá | |
| Dual | 1st | *tuHwádHay? | *tuHwádHi | — | *táwHāwádHay? | *táwHiHwádHi? |
| 2nd | *tuHáθHay? | *tuHáθHām? | *táwHáθHām? | *táwHáyθHay? | *táwHiHáθHām? | |
| 3rd | *tuHā́tay | *tuHā́tam | *táwHā́tam | *táwHáytay | *táwHiHā́tam? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *tuHmáday | *tuHmádi | — | *tuHā́maday | *tuHiHmádHi |
| 2nd | *tuHdHwáy | *tuHdHwám | *tuHdHwám | *tuHádHway, *-ádHwam | *tuHiHdHwám? | |
| 3rd | *tuHatáy, *-āráy, *tuHráy | *tuHatá, *tuHrám | *tuHātā́m | *tuHántay | *tuHiHrám | |
| Participle | *tuHaHnáh | |||||
Derived terms
- *patiHtáwHti
- Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵 (paiti tauuah, “showing resistance”)
- *tāwHáyati (“to be able”)
- Old Persian: 𐎫𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎫𐎹 (t-a-v-y-t-[i]-y /tāvayatiy/, 3sg.caus.act.), 𐎠𐎫𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-t-a-v-y-m /atāvayam/, impf.)
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Avestan:
- Old Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁 (tauuā, 1sg.pres.subj.act.)
- ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬃 (fratuiiā̊, 2sg.pres.opt.act.), 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬝 (frātauuat̰, “to be able”, 3sg.pres.opt.act.)
- ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬝 (tuuaṇt̰, “capable, competent”, ptc.pres.act.)
- Avestan:
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*tauH ‘to be able, strong’”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 386-387