Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/táwHti

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *táwHti, from Proto-Indo-European *téwh₂-ti ~ *tuh₂-énti, from *tewh₂- (to swell; to become strong) +‎ *-ti.

Verb

*táwHti[1]

  1. to be able, strong

Inflection

Root athematic present
Sing. 3rd *táwHti
Plur. 3rd *tuHánti, *táwHati
Active voice
Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
Sing. 1st *táwHmi *táwHm *táwHaH(ni) *tuHyā́m
2nd *táwHsi *táwHs *tuHdí *táwHah(i) *tuHyáHs, *tuHíHs
3rd *táwHti *táwHt *táwHtu *táwHat(i) *tuHyáHt, *tuHíHt
Dual 1st *tuHwáhi *tuHwá *táwHāwa? *tuHyáHwa?, *tuHiHwá?
2nd *tuHθHáh *tuHtám *táwHtám? *táwHaθHah? *tuHyáHtam, *tuHiHtám
3rd *tuHtáh *tuHtā́m? *táwHtā́m? *táwHatah *tuHyáHtām, *tuHiHtā́m
Plur. 1st *tuHmáhi *táwHmá *táwHāma *tuHyáHma?, *tuHiHmá?
2nd *tuHθHá *táwHtá *tuHtá *táwHaθHa, *-ata *tuHdHwáy, *tuHyáHta, *tuHiHtá
3rd *tuHánti, *táwHati *tuHánt, *táwHat *tuHántu, *táwHatu *táwHant(i) *tuHyáHr̥(š), *-yáHant, *tuHiHŕ̥(š), *-íHat
Participle *tuHā́h
Mediopassive voice
Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
Sing. 1st *tuHáy *tuHí *tuHáHy, *-áHnay *tuHiHá
2nd *tuHsáy *tuHsá *tuHswá *tuHáhay *tuHiHsá
3rd *tuHtáy, *tuHáy *tuHtá *tuHtā́m *tuHátay *tuHiHtá
Dual 1st *tuHwádHay? *tuHwádHi *táwHāwádHay? *táwHiHwádHi?
2nd *tuHáθHay? *tuHáθHām? *táwHáθHām? *táwHáyθHay? *táwHiHáθHām?
3rd *tuHā́tay *tuHā́tam *táwHā́tam *táwHáytay *táwHiHā́tam?
Plur. 1st *tuHmáday *tuHmádi *tuHā́maday *tuHiHmádHi
2nd *tuHdHwáy *tuHdHwám *tuHdHwám *tuHádHway, *-ádHwam *tuHiHdHwám?
3rd *tuHatáy, *-āráy, *tuHráy *tuHatá, *tuHrám *tuHātā́m *tuHántay *tuHiHrám
Participle *tuHaHnáh

Derived terms

  • *patiHtáwHti
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵 (paiti tauuah, showing resistance)
  • *tāwHáyati (to be able)
    • Old Persian: 𐎫𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎫𐎹 (t-a-v-y-t-[i]-y /⁠tāvayatiy⁠/, 3sg.caus.act.), 𐎠𐎫𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-t-a-v-y-m /⁠atāvayam⁠/, impf.)

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan:
      Old Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁 (tauuā, 1sg.pres.subj.act.)
      Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬃 (fratuiiā̊, 2sg.pres.opt.act.), 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬝 (frātauuat̰, to be able, 3sg.pres.opt.act.)
      Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬝 (tuuaṇt̰, capable, competent, ptc.pres.act.)

References

  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*tauH ‘to be able, strong’”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 386-387