Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ti
Proto-Indo-European
Suffix
- Adverbial suffix with ablative or instrumental meaning, sometimes multiplicative
Derived terms
Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ti
- (perhaps) *é-ti[3]
- *Hyó-ti (“how many (rel.)”)
- *kʷó-ti (“how many?”)
- *h₂ér-ti (“fittingly, conveniently”)
Descendants
Suffix
*(e)-ti
- Forms regular imperfective verbs
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *-ti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *-énti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *-mi | *-m̥ | — | *-oh₂ | *-yéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *-si | *-s | *-, *-dʰí | *-esi | *-yéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *-ti | *-t | *-tu | *-eti | *-yéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *-wós | *-wé | — | *-owos | *-ih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *-tés | *-tóm | *-tóm | *-etes | *-ih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *-tés | *-tā́m | *-tā́m | *-etes | *-ih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *-mós | *-mé | — | *-omos | *-ih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *-té | *-té | *-té | *-ete | *-ih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *-énti | *-ént | *-éntu | *-onti | *-ih₁ént |
| Participle | *-ónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *-h₂ér | *-h₂é | — | *-oh₂er | *-ih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *-th₂ér | *-th₂é | *-só | *-eth₂er | *-ih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *-tór, *-ór | *-tó, *-ó | *? | *-etor | *-ih₁tó, *-ih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *-wósdʰh₂ | *-wédʰh₂ | — | *-owosdʰh₂ | *-ih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *-mósdʰh₂ | *-médʰh₂ | — | *-omosdʰh₂ | *-ih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *-dʰh₂wé | *-dʰh₂wé | *-dʰh₂wé | *-edʰh₂we | *-ih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *-n̥tór, *-rór | *-n̥tó, *-ró | *? | *-ontor | *-ih₁ró |
| Participle | *-m̥h₁nós | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Celtic: *-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *-mi
- Ancient Greek: -μί (-mí)
- Proto-Italic: *-ō
- Latin: -ō Forms regular third conjugation verbs
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ti
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 1: Einleitung, Terminologie, Lautgesetze, Adverbialendungen, Nominalsuffixe, Anhänge und Indices, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 185-191
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011), Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 246
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 264
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “-(ā)z (abl. ending)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 231-232