Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/muštíš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *méws-ti-s ~ *mus-téy-s (“fist”) from the root *mews- (“shut”), cognate with Tocharian B maśce (“fist”),[1] and possibly Ancient Greek ἀμυστί (amustí, “withouth closing (one's mouth)”) (from *n̥-mus-ti(h₁)), from *mews- (“to shut”) +‎ *-tis,[2] whence Ancient Greek μῡ́ω (mū́ō, “to shut, close”), Hittite [script needed] (muš-, “to eat one's fill”, literally “to close the mouth?”),[3] perhaps further connected to Sanskrit मोष (moṣa, “robber; theft”).[4] Alternatively suggested to derive from Proto-Indo-European *mewḱ- (“to scratch, tear”), whence Lithuanian mùšti (“to strike”), Ancient Greek ἀμύσσω (amússō, “to scratch, tear”),[5][6] however this root is dubious.[4][7]

    Noun

    *muštíš m

    1. fist

    Declension

    masculine/feminine i-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *muštíš *muštíH *muštáyas
    vocative *múštay *múštiH *múštayas
    accusative *muštím *muštíH *muštínš
    instrumental *muštíH *muštíbʰyā(m) *muštíbʰiš
    ablative *muštáyš *muštíbʰyā(m) *muštíbʰyas
    dative *muštáyay *muštíbʰyā(m) *muštíbʰyas
    genitive *muštáyš *muštiyā́s *muštiHnáHam
    locative *muštā́y *muštiyáw *muštíšu

    Descendants

    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *muṣṭíṣ
    • Proto-Iranian: *muštiš
      • Avestan: 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mušti)
      • Proto-Scythian: *muštu (< acc.sg. *muštím)
        • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *muṣtu
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (muṣṭu)
          • Wakhi: məst
        • ⇒ Ossetian: мустучъи (mustuḱ’i)
      • Central Kurdish: مست (mist)
      • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwšt' /⁠mušt⁠/)
        • Persian: مشت (mošt)
          • Tajik: мушт (mušt)
      • → Georgian: მუშტი (mušṭi)
      • →? Kyrgyz: муштум (muştum)
      • →? Uzbek: musht

    References

    1. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*mustí-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 255
    2. ^ Grestenberger, Laura (2009), The Vedic i-Stems and internal derivation (master's dissertation)‎[1], Vienna: Universität Wien, Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, page 114
    3. ^ Janda, Michael (1998), “Die hohle und die geschlossene Hand im Indogermanischen”, in Die Sprache, volume 40, number 1, Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 1-25
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “muṣṭí-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 319-320
    5. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), “muṣṭu”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 339
    6. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2015), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 389
    7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “mušti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 326-327
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