Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mews-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*mews-^[1]

moss

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mews- (10 c, 0 e)

*mews-o-m
- Proto-Germanic: *meusą^[2]
  - Old English: mēos
    - Middle English: mese, messe, mes, meose
      - English: meese, meece
      - Scots: mese
  - Middle Dutch: mies
  - Old High German: mios
    - Alemannic German: Mies
*mus-o-m
- Proto-Germanic: *musą (see there for further descendants)^[3]
*mus-o-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *muśas
  - Lithuanian: mū̃sas
  - Proto-Slavic: *mъxъ (see there for further descendants)
*mows-ko-s
- Italic:
  - Latin: mūscus
*mews-yeh₂
- >? Proto-Germanic: *miuzijō (“swamp”) (see there for further descendants)
mus-ro-
- >? Proto-Armenian: *mus-r-
  - Old Armenian: մամուռ (mamuṙ, “moss”)

Root

*mews-^[4]

to shut

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mews- (shut) (4 c, 0 e)

*mews-t (root aorist)
- Ancient Greek: ἔμῠσᾰ (émŭsă)
*mus-yé-ti (ye-present)
- Ancient Greek: μῡ́ω (mū́ō)
*mews-ti- (verbal noun)^[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *muštíš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *muṣṭíṣ
    - Sanskrit: मुष्टि (muṣṭí) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *muštiš
    - Avestan: 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mušti)
    - Proto-Scythian: *muštu (< acc.sg. *muštím)
      - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *muṣtu
        Khotanese: [script needed] (muṣṭu)
        Wakhi: məst
      - ⇒ Ossetian: мустучъи (mustuḱ’i)
    - Central Kurdish: مست (mist)
    - Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwšt' /⁠mušt⁠/)
      - Persian: مشت (mošt)
        Tajik: мушт (mušt)
    - → Georgian: მუშტი (mušṭi)
    - →? Kyrgyz: муштум (muştum)
    - →? Uzbek: musht
- Tocharian B: maśce (“fist”)^[6]
- ⇒ (?) *n̥-mus-ti(h₁)
  - Ancient Greek: ἀμυστί (amustí, “withouth closing (one's mouth)”)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mūscus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “meusa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 368
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “musa(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 379
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 444
^ Grestenberger, Laura (2009), The Vedic i-Stems and internal derivation (master's dissertation)‎^[3], Vienna: Universität Wien, Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, page 114
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*mustí-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 255

[devaan-1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mūscus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “meusa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 368

[kroonen-3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “musa(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 379

[4] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 444

[5] Grestenberger, Laura (2009), The Vedic i-Stems and internal derivation (master's dissertation)‎^[3], Vienna: Universität Wien, Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, page 114

[6] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*mustí-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 255

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