मुष्टि
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭí). Doublet of मूठ (mūṭh), मुश्त (muśt), and मुट्ठी (muṭṭhī), and related to मुठिया (muṭhiyā). Cognate with Classical Persian مُشْت (mušt, “fist, punch”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /mʊʂ.ʈiː/
Noun
मुष्टि • (muṣṭi) f
- (rare, formal) a fist
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | मुष्टि muṣṭi |
मुष्टियाँ muṣṭiyā̃ |
| oblique | मुष्टि muṣṭi |
मुष्टियों muṣṭiyõ |
| vocative | मुष्टि muṣṭi |
मुष्टियो muṣṭiyo |
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “मुष्टि”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “मुष्टि”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “मुष्टि”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- মুষ্টি (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬸᬱ᭄ᬝᬶ (Balinese script)
- মুষ্টি (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰲𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- မုၑ္ဋိ (Burmese script)
- મુષ્ટિ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੁਸ਼੍ਟਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦸꦰ꧀ꦛꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂳𑂭𑂹𑂗𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಮುಷ್ಟಿ (Kannada script)
- មុឞ្ដិ (Khmer script)
- ມຸຩ຺ຏິ (Lao script)
- മുഷ്ടി (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᢢᢞᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘳𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᢔᢌᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧔𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐸𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐶 (Newa script)
- ମୁଷ୍ଟି (Odia script)
- ꢪꢸꢰ꣄ꢜꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆶𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖲𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖰 (Siddham script)
- මුෂ්ටි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑪀 𑪙𑩦𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚰𑚶𑚔𑚮 (Takri script)
- முஷ்டி (Tamil script)
- ముష్టి (Telugu script)
- มุษฺฏิ (Thai script)
- མུ་ཥྚི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒳𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨯𑩇𑨔𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mušti), Middle Persian mwšt' (mušt).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /muʂ.ʈí/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /muʂ.ʈi/
Noun
मु॒ष्टि • (muṣṭí) stem, m or f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मु॒ष्टिः (muṣṭíḥ) | मु॒ष्टी (muṣṭī́) | मु॒ष्टयः॑ (muṣṭáyaḥ) |
| accusative | मु॒ष्टिम् (muṣṭím) | मु॒ष्टी (muṣṭī́) | मु॒ष्टीन् (muṣṭī́n) |
| instrumental | मु॒ष्टिना॑ (muṣṭínā) मु॒ष्ट्या¹ (muṣṭyā́¹) |
मु॒ष्टिभ्या॑म् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मु॒ष्टिभिः॑ (muṣṭíbhiḥ) |
| dative | मु॒ष्टये॑ (muṣṭáye) | मु॒ष्टिभ्या॑म् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मु॒ष्टिभ्यः॑ (muṣṭíbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मु॒ष्टेः (muṣṭéḥ) | मु॒ष्टिभ्या॑म् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मु॒ष्टिभ्यः॑ (muṣṭíbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मु॒ष्टेः (muṣṭéḥ) | मु॒ष्ट्योः (muṣṭyóḥ) | मु॒ष्टी॒नाम् (muṣṭīnā́m) |
| locative | मु॒ष्टौ (muṣṭáu) मु॒ष्टा¹ (muṣṭā́¹) |
मु॒ष्ट्योः (muṣṭyóḥ) | मु॒ष्टिषु॑ (muṣṭíṣu) |
| vocative | मुष्टे॑ (múṣṭe) | मुष्टी॑ (múṣṭī) | मुष्ट॑यः (múṣṭayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मु॒ष्टिः (muṣṭíḥ) | मु॒ष्टी (muṣṭī́) | मु॒ष्टयः॑ (muṣṭáyaḥ) |
| accusative | मु॒ष्टिम् (muṣṭím) | मु॒ष्टी (muṣṭī́) | मु॒ष्टीः (muṣṭī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | मु॒ष्ट्या (muṣṭyā́) मु॒ष्टी¹ (muṣṭī́¹) |
मु॒ष्टिभ्या॑म् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मु॒ष्टिभिः॑ (muṣṭíbhiḥ) |
| dative | मु॒ष्टये॑ (muṣṭáye) मु॒ष्ट्यै² (muṣṭyái²) मु॒ष्टी¹ (muṣṭī́¹) |
मु॒ष्टिभ्या॑म् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मु॒ष्टिभ्यः॑ (muṣṭíbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मु॒ष्टेः (muṣṭéḥ) मु॒ष्ट्याः² (muṣṭyā́ḥ²) मु॒ष्ट्यै³ (muṣṭyái³) |
मु॒ष्टिभ्या॑म् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मु॒ष्टिभ्यः॑ (muṣṭíbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मु॒ष्टेः (muṣṭéḥ) मु॒ष्ट्याः² (muṣṭyā́ḥ²) मु॒ष्ट्यै³ (muṣṭyái³) |
मु॒ष्ट्योः (muṣṭyóḥ) | मु॒ष्टी॒नाम् (muṣṭīnā́m) |
| locative | मु॒ष्टौ (muṣṭáu) मु॒ष्ट्याम्² (muṣṭyā́m²) मु॒ष्टा¹ (muṣṭā́¹) |
मु॒ष्ट्योः (muṣṭyóḥ) | मु॒ष्टिषु॑ (muṣṭíṣu) |
| vocative | मुष्टे॑ (múṣṭe) | मुष्टी॑ (múṣṭī) | मुष्ट॑यः (múṣṭayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kalasha: muṣṭí
- Kashmiri: مۄٹھ (mọṭh)
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (muṭṭhi) (see there for further descendants)
- → Bengali: মুষ্টি (muśṭi)
- → Gujarati: મુષ્ટિ (muṣṭi)
- → Kannada: ಮುಷ್ಟಿ (muṣṭi)
- → Old Javanese: muṣṭi
- → Javanese: ꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (mesthi)
- → Tamil: முஷ்டி (muṣṭi)
- → Telugu: ముష్టి (muṣṭi)
- → Hindi: मुष्टि (muṣṭi) (learned)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “मुष्टि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 824.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “मुष्टि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 363
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “muṣṭí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “muṣṭi”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.