Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéws-e-ti (“to hear, to listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰews-,[1] however, no certain cognates outside of Indo-Iranian are known.[2]

Verb

*gʰáwšati

  1. to hear, listen
  2. to shout

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣati
  • Proto-Iranian: *gáwšati
    • Old Avestan: 𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁 (gūštā) (< *gáwšta)
    • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *nigáwšati
      • Baluchi: نگوشگ (negóšag, “to listen, pay attention”)
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean: 𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫢𐫀 (ngwšʾ, 2sg.pres.; 3sg.subj.)
      • Old Persian:
        • Middle Persian: (/niyōšēnd/)[3]
          Manichaean: 𐫗𐫏𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (nywšynd, 3pl.pres.)
          Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (ndwhšynd, 3pl.pres.)
    • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patigáwšati
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (pyuṣ-)

References

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰeṷs-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 200
  2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*gauš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115
  3. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
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